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PSIO - Integrated Physiology > Lecture 6: Respiration > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

List the four processes involved in respiration.

A

Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Gas transport
Internal respiration

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2
Q

Which of the following describes external respiration?

a. Exchange O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood
b. Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the systemic blood and the peripheral interstitial fluid.
c. Alveoli ventilated with fresh atmospheric air and removal of stale air from alveoli to atmosphere.
d. Transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood between the pulmonary capillary blood and the tissue.

A

a. Exchange O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood

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3
Q

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the systemic blood and the peripheral interstitial fluid is which process?

a. Pulmonary ventilation
b. External respiration
c. Gas transport
d. Internal respiration
e. Internal ventilation

A

d. Internal respiration

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4
Q

Transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood between the pulmonary capillary blood and the tissue is which process?

a. Pulmonary ventilation
b. External respiration
c. Gas transport
d. Internal respiration
e. Internal ventilation

A

c. Gas transport

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5
Q

Which of the following is driven by simple diffusion (select all that apply):

a. Pulmonary ventilation
b. External respiration
c. Gas transport
d. Internal respiration
e. Internal ventilation

A

b. External respiration

d. Internal respiration

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6
Q

Which of the following is driven by the contraction of heart muscles?

a. Pulmonary ventilation
b. External respiration
c. Gas transport
d. Internal respiration
e. Internal ventilation

A

c. Gas transport

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7
Q

Approximately how many alveoli are in each lung?

A

300 million

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8
Q

Simple diffusion does not use ATP: true/false

A

TRUE

Simple diffusion does not use ATP

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9
Q

List three factors which influence the rate of movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane of the alveoli.

A

Partial pressure gradients and gas solubility
Matching of alveolar ventilation with alveolar blood perfusion
Structural characteristics of the respiratory membrane (esp. thickness and surface area)

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10
Q

If the partial pressure gradient across the membrane is tripled, what will happed to the rate of gas exchange?

a. Doubled
b. x9
c. tripled
e. remains constant

A

c. tripled

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11
Q

If all other factors remain constant, halving the surface area of the respiratory membrane will ____ the rate of gas exchange?

a. Double
b. Halve
c. Not change
d. x4

A

c. Halve

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12
Q

If all other factors remain constant, halving the thickness of the respiratory membrane will ____ the rate of gas exchange?

a. Double
b. Halve
c. Not change
d. x4

A

a. Double

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13
Q

Pulmonary oedema will do what do the respiratory membrane?

a. Increase its surface area
b. Thicken
c. Decrease its surface area
e. Thin

A

b. Thicken

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14
Q

What determines the partial pressure of a gas?

A

% concentration x Atmospheric pressure

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15
Q

At sea level, what is the concentration of oxygen?

a. 79%
b. 35%
c. 13%
d. 21%

A

d. 21%

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16
Q

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A

760mm Hg

17
Q

If atmospheric pressure at a given altitude is 680 mm Hg, what is the partial pressure of oxygen?

a. 160 mm Hg
b. 153 mm Hg
c. 143 mm Hg
d. 180 mm Hg
e. 104 mm Hg

A

c. 143 mm Hg
(.21 x 680)

160 mm Hg is the O2 partial pressure at sea level

18
Q

Approximately what is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolar air?

a. 160 mm Hg
b. 153 mm Hg
c. 143 mm Hg
d. 180 mm Hg
e. 104 mm Hg

A

e. 104 mm Hg

19
Q

What are the main differences between alveolar air and atmospheric air? What accounts for these differences?

A

Lower partial pressure of O2 (104mm Hg instead of 160 mm Hg) because O2 diffuses into the pulmonary blood and CO2 diffuses into the alveolar air.

More water vapor because moist internal linings humidify air.

20
Q

What is the partial pressure of O2 in the blood arriving at the pulmonary capillary?

A

About 40 mm Hg

21
Q

What allows O2 and CO2 to diffuse at the same rate across the respiratory membrane?

A

CO2 is 20x more soluble in plasma than O2, which compensates for the smaller partial pressure gradient.

O2 partial pressure in the alveolar air is 104 mm Hg, and 40 mm Hg in the blood arriving - a gradient of 64 mm Hg.

CO2 partial pressure in the alveolar air is 40 mm Hg, and 45 mm Hg in the mixed venous blood arriving at the pulmonary capillary.

22
Q

What is the O2 partial pressure in:

a. Atmospheric air
b. Alveolar air
c. Mixed venous blood arriving at the pulmonary capillary
d. Blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries
e. The body’s interstitial fluid (at rest)

A

a. Atmospheric air: 160 mm Hg
b. Alveolar air: 104 mm Hg
c. Mixed venous blood: 40 mm Hg
d. Blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries: 104 mm Hg
e. The body’s interstitial fluid: 40 mm Hg

23
Q

What is the CO2 partial pressure in:

a. Atmospheric air
b. Alveolar air
c. Mixed venous blood arriving at the pulmonary capillary
d. Blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries
e. The body’s interstitial fluid (at rest)

A

a. Atmospheric air: 0.3 mm Hg
b. Alveolar air: 40 mm Hg
c. Mixed venous bloody: 45 mm Hg
d. Blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries: 40 mm Hg
e. The body’s interstitial fluid: 45 mm Hg

24
Q

Define internal respiration.

A

Diffusive transfer of O2 and CO2 between systemic capillary blood and body cell tissue.

25
Q

What is the O2 partial pressure in atmospheric air?

A

160 mm Hg

26
Q

What is the CO2 partial pressure in The body’s interstitial fluid (at rest)

A

45 mm Hg

27
Q

What is the CO2 partial pressure in Blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries

A

40 mm Hg

28
Q

What is the O2 partial pressure in alveolar air

A

104 mm Hg

PSIO - Integrated Physiology (8 decks)

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