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HIST 115 > lecture 9: age of experimentation > Flashcards

lecture 9: age of experimentation Flashcards

1
Q

because the price of peper was just as high as the price of gold, the europeans invented ___ to trade with the arabs

A

alchemy

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2
Q

what was the book that contributed to the birth of modern science?

A

Optics

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3
Q

what does the front page of Instauratio Magna tell us

A
  • pillars of hercules
    • limits of the ancient world and knowledge b/c they never ventured into the oceans (romans and greeks)
  • pillars symbolize the limits of ancient knowledge
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4
Q

what was the reason for refrigeration?

A

to remove the terrible smell and taste -> NOT toxicity

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5
Q

what was the major fallout b/w Newton and Hooke about?

A

the reflective telescope

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6
Q

which of bacons 5 principles of the laws of nature differs from older versions of science?

A

objectivity

  • today we are driven by the profit motive
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7
Q

who invented chemistry?

  1. price
  2. boyle
  3. ptolmey
  4. robert hooke
A

Boyle

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8
Q

___ is the definition of turning base metals into gold

A

transmutation

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9
Q

Bacons methodology about establishing facts. t or f

A

true

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10
Q

physica et mystica was about …

  1. elixir of live
  2. transforming base metals into gold
  3. the secrets of secrets
  4. none of the above
A
  1. transforming base metals into gold
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11
Q

what factor influenced/inspired the birth of experimentalism?

A

lack of refrigeration

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12
Q

what are bacons 5 rules of laws of nature?

A
  1. repeatable experiments
  2. reductionism
  3. objectivity
  4. public witnessing
  5. scientific publications
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13
Q

who sponsored the royal society?

A

the new middle class

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14
Q

what were the 2 books that alchemy was based on?

A
  1. Physica et Mystica
  2. Razi Al
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15
Q

what was Newton’s book “optics” about? how was it influential?

A
  • the behavior of light
    • matter is composed of small particles
  • this is the book on how to conduct modern science
  • turned the english language into the official language of modern science
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16
Q

the royal society was based on baconian model for collecting knowledge

A

true

17
Q

who was burned alive because he said copernicus was right?

A

Giorano Bruno

18
Q

identify the lowest level of the royal society’s system of collecting knowledge

A
  • merchants of light
    • captains (ppl who explore the world)
  • depredators
    • archives (ppl who study the archives around the world)
  • 3 mystery men
    • guilds (ppl who wernt scientists, But held the secrets to knowledhe)
  • 4 pioneers of miners
    • experiments (conduct the experiments from the above 3)
19
Q

what was Newtons first publication? how was it influential?

A
  • principa mathematica
  • work on mathematics
  • newtonion laws of gravity and motion -> universal
  • social changes to british society
    • all laws applied to all echelons of society
    • changed the way the brits looked at sickness, poverty, ect. (before religion would have told ppl that the poor are poor b/c there wicked ppl)
20
Q

who was the secretary of the royal society?

A

robert hooke

21
Q

how were alchemists important/influential to modern science/technology?

A

since they were all liars, there was a shift from stealing money from people, to actually producing things

22
Q

what were the 2 things that Newton invented

A

laws of nature and calculus

23
Q

francis bacon used a new method of ____ to undermine aristotle

A

experimentalism

24
Q

discribe Bacon’s “Instauratio Magna”

A
  • conduction of modern science
  • the phrase “knowledge is power”
  • used for the benefit of mankind
  • problem: it was actually used to kill and destroy mankind
25
Q

discribe the mid level of the royal society’s system

A
  • compliers
    • put all the knowledge and experiments in writting
    • put into baconian tablets
  • benefactors
    • most crucial
    • gate keepers of the system
    • decide to pursue or abandon tablets from compliers
26
Q

james price went before the royal society to demonstrate how to …

A

turn base metals into gold which was known as the elixir of life

27
Q

describe the top level of the royal society

A
  • interpreters of nature
    • taking all the knowledge and turning them into laws
28
Q

alchemy evolved into modern _____

  1. physics
  2. chemistry
  3. knowledge
  4. none of the above
A
  1. chemistry
29
Q

what was the royal society’s first scientific publication

A

“philosophical transactions”

30
Q

what is Nano Mirabilis? who invented it?

A

the year of miracles

  • newton - explained how it was possible for us to stay on earth when it revolved around the sun so rapidly
31
Q

who wrote the book “making gold from mercury”

  1. francis bacon
  2. robert boyle
  3. william gilbert
  4. none of the above
A
  1. none of the above -> james price
32
Q

the new religion, known as the exilir of life, is …

  1. gold
  2. knowledge
  3. religion
  4. none of the above
A
  1. -> mercury
33
Q

who used magnets to invent electricity?

A

william Gilbert

34
Q

what is the definition of science?

A

it is a standardized method/system for obtaining facts

HIST 115 (11 decks)

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