lecture 8: religion, technology, and new approach Flashcards
what did galileo see when peering into the telescope?
- sunspots
- not all planets were perfect spheres (like plato said)
einstein represents both internal and external factors
true
there is a parallel with science and …
art
what does not belong to herbert Butterfield?
- external approach
- correlation with archemedian theory
- wrongfully accused as nazi
- interested on what happened with physics and how it made modern science hapen
- scientific revolution = physics
6.
- Interested in internal approach
- correlation with aristotelian theory
- tried to find moment in time when aristitelian theory was challeneged -> theory of impitus
what things do not belong to Harold Innis?
- internal approach
- looked at science from the gutenberg press in terms of its mechanical components
- before gutenberg, the gate keepers was the roman caltholic church THUS had small impact on the world
- Internal approach -> he was using an external approach
- he looked at the gutenberg press and how it influenced ppl at the time
important to note: Press started industrial revolution b/c it removed the gate keepers of knowledge -> free access to knowledge/communication
how does the internal method work?
- scientists make discoveries without being influenced by social factors - look at the blueprints, mathematics, engineering ect
“a way in which historians try to understand the past”. this is the definition of
historiography
copernicus was the first to introduce heliocentrism. t or f
False: Aristarchus
what was the reason why galileo was sent to house arrest by the holy inquisition?
Although he proposed that the sun was at the center of the earth and that we know this through the motion of the tides, he was unable to prove his theory -> dies in his home from house arrest
what does not belong to Edgar Zisel?
- external approach
- looks at craftsmen and their importance
- the little ppl who never became famous
- scientific revolution was about famous scientists
- craftsmen conducted real science
- theory
- experimentation
- actual work
- scientific revolution was about the little guys AKA the craftsmen
who were atributted to the mechanical universe?
Copernicus and Galileo
why was galileo accused of heresy when he proposed the starry-eyed messenger? which of the answers below does not belong
A) his model was lacking god
B) he was against Aristotle and Ptolomy
C) mechines governed by mechanical principles and not by god
D) None of the above
D) none of the above
scientia in latin means
knowledge
the ____ was the first technology that removed us from nature
- clock
- printing press
- telescope
- none of the above
- clock
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium was written by whome? whats the significance about it?
Copernicus
- controversial text which went against roman catholic church
- book had enormous impact cuz of the printing press
scientia represents a shift from science for the sake of science to science for the sake of …
money
who was the first scientist to be influenced by the clock?
galileo
galileo started the scientific revolution by questioning ancient laws of nature. t or f
False: copernicus
list the 5 theories about the origins of modern science and technology. Just list them
- thomas Kuhn - the structure of scientific revolutions
- Robert Merton - puritanism and the rise of modern science
- Edgar Zizel - the social origins of modern science
- harold Innis - empire and communications
- herbert Butterfield - the origins of modern state
Copurnicus was trying to fix Ptolmey’s
A) law of motion
B) patterns of the stars
C) issue with gravity
D) Epicycles
D) epicycles
what is the problem with external methods?
disregard scientific components -> talk about steam engine without knowing how it works
what did marcel deuchamp made that was considerd art?
the “fountain” - also known as the urinal
what does not belong with robert merton?
- beggining of external approach
- most important external factor is education
- first to look at craftsmen and their importance
- most important external factor is religion, not education
- He isnt interested in craftsmen -> thats Zeizel
galileo opposes Aristotelian logic and emphasized repeatable experimentation. t or f
True
copernicus was considered a ____ (individuals who are trying to go back to greek texts and to understand what the alexandrians were telling us)
scholastics
external methods is not associated with social constructivism. t or f
False. it is
Galileo invented the first telescope. t or f
False!
NOTE: he was the first to use a telescope to look at the sky
copernicus was able to remove Ptolmey’s epicycles
true
after everything is considered, what is the scientific revolution?
period-evolution of natural philosophy into modern science
at the time, questioning ____ would be like questioning the catholic church (something that Galileo did)
Aristotle
____ and ____ used a mechanical philosophy or world view
Galileo and Newton
what are the 2 approaches to historiography?
1) internal (old) - nearly obsolete 2) external (new) - evolves into social constructionism
copernicus argued for geocentrism. t or f
False. heleocentrism
Which of the above do not belong to Thomas Kuhn?
- external approach
- interested in what scientists do in the labs
- no such thing as the scientific revolution - we deal with a number of paradigm shifts
- coined the term paradigm
- coming up with a formula for how science happens
- external approach -> he takes internal approach
Main things to remember: paradigm shifts
external methods looks at social factors, religion, politics, that shape the development of science and technogy. T or F
True
what is the problem with the internal method?
“inborn Genius” - ideas not coming from external factors -> all coming from the head of a born genius (ex: Newton) everything exists in a vacuum
who did galileo reference as simplicio in his play called ‘dialogue’ which was then interpreted as a insult to the pope or rome?
Ptolmey
