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HIST 115 > lecture 8: religion, technology, and new approach > Flashcards

lecture 8: religion, technology, and new approach Flashcards

1
Q

what did galileo see when peering into the telescope?

A
  • sunspots
  • not all planets were perfect spheres (like plato said)
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2
Q

einstein represents both internal and external factors

A

true

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3
Q

there is a parallel with science and …

A

art

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4
Q

what does not belong to herbert Butterfield?

  1. external approach
  2. correlation with archemedian theory
  3. wrongfully accused as nazi
  4. interested on what happened with physics and how it made modern science hapen
  5. scientific revolution = physics
    6.
A
  1. Interested in internal approach
  2. correlation with aristotelian theory
    - tried to find moment in time when aristitelian theory was challeneged -> theory of impitus
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5
Q

what things do not belong to Harold Innis?

  1. internal approach
  2. looked at science from the gutenberg press in terms of its mechanical components
  3. before gutenberg, the gate keepers was the roman caltholic church THUS had small impact on the world
A
  1. Internal approach -> he was using an external approach
  2. he looked at the gutenberg press and how it influenced ppl at the time

important to note: Press started industrial revolution b/c it removed the gate keepers of knowledge -> free access to knowledge/communication

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6
Q

how does the internal method work?

A
  • scientists make discoveries without being influenced by social factors - look at the blueprints, mathematics, engineering ect
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7
Q

“a way in which historians try to understand the past”. this is the definition of

A

historiography

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8
Q

copernicus was the first to introduce heliocentrism. t or f

A

False: Aristarchus

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9
Q

what was the reason why galileo was sent to house arrest by the holy inquisition?

A

Although he proposed that the sun was at the center of the earth and that we know this through the motion of the tides, he was unable to prove his theory -> dies in his home from house arrest

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10
Q

what does not belong to Edgar Zisel?

  1. external approach
  2. looks at craftsmen and their importance
  3. the little ppl who never became famous
  4. scientific revolution was about famous scientists
  5. craftsmen conducted real science
    1. theory
    2. experimentation
    3. actual work
A
  1. scientific revolution was about the little guys AKA the craftsmen
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11
Q

who were atributted to the mechanical universe?

A

Copernicus and Galileo

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12
Q

why was galileo accused of heresy when he proposed the starry-eyed messenger? which of the answers below does not belong

A) his model was lacking god

B) he was against Aristotle and Ptolomy

C) mechines governed by mechanical principles and not by god

D) None of the above

A

D) none of the above

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13
Q

scientia in latin means

A

knowledge

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14
Q

the ____ was the first technology that removed us from nature

  1. clock
  2. printing press
  3. telescope
  4. none of the above
A
  1. clock
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15
Q

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium was written by whome? whats the significance about it?

A

Copernicus

  • controversial text which went against roman catholic church
  • book had enormous impact cuz of the printing press
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16
Q

scientia represents a shift from science for the sake of science to science for the sake of …

A

money

17
Q

who was the first scientist to be influenced by the clock?

A

galileo

18
Q

galileo started the scientific revolution by questioning ancient laws of nature. t or f

A

False: copernicus

19
Q

list the 5 theories about the origins of modern science and technology. Just list them

A
  1. thomas Kuhn - the structure of scientific revolutions
  2. Robert Merton - puritanism and the rise of modern science
  3. Edgar Zizel - the social origins of modern science
  4. harold Innis - empire and communications
  5. herbert Butterfield - the origins of modern state
20
Q

Copurnicus was trying to fix Ptolmey’s

A) law of motion

B) patterns of the stars

C) issue with gravity

D) Epicycles

A

D) epicycles

21
Q

what is the problem with external methods?

A

disregard scientific components -> talk about steam engine without knowing how it works

22
Q

what did marcel deuchamp made that was considerd art?

A

the “fountain” - also known as the urinal

23
Q

what does not belong with robert merton?

  1. beggining of external approach
  2. most important external factor is education
  3. first to look at craftsmen and their importance
A
  1. most important external factor is religion, not education
  2. He isnt interested in craftsmen -> thats Zeizel
24
Q

galileo opposes Aristotelian logic and emphasized repeatable experimentation. t or f

A

True

25
Q

copernicus was considered a ____ (individuals who are trying to go back to greek texts and to understand what the alexandrians were telling us)

A

scholastics

26
Q

external methods is not associated with social constructivism. t or f

A

False. it is

27
Q

Galileo invented the first telescope. t or f

A

False!
NOTE: he was the first to use a telescope to look at the sky

28
Q

copernicus was able to remove Ptolmey’s epicycles

A

true

29
Q

after everything is considered, what is the scientific revolution?

A

period-evolution of natural philosophy into modern science

30
Q

at the time, questioning ____ would be like questioning the catholic church (something that Galileo did)

A

Aristotle

31
Q

____ and ____ used a mechanical philosophy or world view

A

Galileo and Newton

32
Q

what are the 2 approaches to historiography?

A

1) internal (old) - nearly obsolete 2) external (new) - evolves into social constructionism

33
Q

copernicus argued for geocentrism. t or f

A

False. heleocentrism

34
Q

Which of the above do not belong to Thomas Kuhn?

  1. external approach
  2. interested in what scientists do in the labs
  3. no such thing as the scientific revolution - we deal with a number of paradigm shifts
  4. coined the term paradigm
  5. coming up with a formula for how science happens
A
  1. external approach -> he takes internal approach

Main things to remember: paradigm shifts

35
Q

external methods looks at social factors, religion, politics, that shape the development of science and technogy. T or F

A

True

36
Q

what is the problem with the internal method?

A

“inborn Genius” - ideas not coming from external factors -> all coming from the head of a born genius (ex: Newton) everything exists in a vacuum

37
Q

who did galileo reference as simplicio in his play called ‘dialogue’ which was then interpreted as a insult to the pope or rome?

A

Ptolmey

HIST 115 (11 decks)

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