Lecture 4; engineering under the roman empire Flashcards
describe the 2nd line in the roman 3 line system
- hestati
- Good armour and spears
- take on first assault
who was the emperor at the time when the Flavian theater was built. Talk about him
Vespasian
- built the flavian theater
- used as a method of propaganda
- since emperor Nero illegally built a lake in the middle of the city, Vespasians message was: im the new emperor of rome, im giving back what was stolen from rome and giving it back to the romans
the Visigoths demolished rome in pursuit of obtaining ___
Bronze hooks
whats the last step in the roman road?
Parallel drainage
the collusseum is actually called the
flavian theater
___ is the digging part of making a roman road
fossa
Who created the first encyclopedia?
A) Posidinus
B) Colussus of Nero
C) Herophilius
D) Pliny the Elder
E) Claudius Ptolmey
D - Pliny the Elder
what did the games in the vespasian theater do for the public?
- cheap entertainment and cheap food = lots of love for emperor
- games were way to keep the people happy
- the gov payed for everything
what can we take away from the Roman 3 line system
they had a continous and steady supply of fresh troops. they had so many troops cuz they had lots of allies
technically, rome was NOT the first city with running water, sewers, toilets, and baths
FALSE: they were
who were the people who were killed violently and inhumainly in the theater?
- the christians. Why?
- they didnt pay taxes to the state cuz they saw god as the as the head of state and not rome
*
- they didnt pay taxes to the state cuz they saw god as the as the head of state and not rome
describe what was associated with building buildings. who it benefited, who controled it, what parts of society benefited
this was all about personal prestige and status
- rich people funded the projects of buildings
- showing wealth and pristige was also shown by buying things for others (i.e. shaves were showered with gifts from their owners)
- if you build a building in rome, you were entitled to put your name on it
HOWEVER, what ever was built in rome was FOR THE PEOPLE -> thus the poeple owned them
how were Roman Castra interconnected?
A) pathways
B) roads
C) directional signs
D) maps
B - roads
how did the romans communicate with eachother?
Vindolanda writing tablets
what is the summum dorsum?
this is the road surface
- large stone slabs
- curved so that water would drain to the sides
What war plan/tactic did the romans use?
the 3 line system
4 line of different soldiers, 1 legion of around 4200 men
the games in the vespasian theater was a method of
A) art
B) Propaganda
C) social control
D) gaining revenue
C - social control
what is the pavimentum part of building a roman road?
- compacked sand or dry earth
- packed sand or dirt made perfectly flat
- step 2
HINT: (Pavi) in pavimentum sounds like packed
what is the 4th line in the roman 3 line system
- triarri
- Best armour
- best equipment
- more intelligent
- generally older (and wiser military tactics)
- Experience
describe the 1st line in the roman 3 line system
- velities
- duty not to fight
- purpose was to intercept long range weapons with their shield
- didnt have much armour
How was the Roman empire completely destroyed? By whom? what was the theme that has once again come to destroy a civilization?
The Christians. they burned greek statues and turned them into lime (which was reused for concrete)
Agustus Octavian started the series of reforms which included having marble siding on buildings
True
how do we know for sure that slaves did not build roman roads?
Milestones
- present every 1.5 kms
- describes who built it, maintained it, and its last service
what is this called? describe them
castra
- designed and built by engineers
- all forts identical
- standardized designs
- required to have public toilets, running water, and baths
describe the history of the the romans (briefly)
- roman kingdom ends when Tarquinius Superbus exiled
- Roman republic ends when Julius Cesar comes to power
- Roman empire ends when Constantinople was taken
- division b/w east and west rome
describe the 3rd line in the roman 3 line system
- principes
- heavy armour
- strongest
- enemy generally gets killed off by this line
Initially the army was restricted to …
the rich and the privileged
- their duty lasted the time of the war
- needed lots of wealth to buy expensive armour
- seen as a privilege to be in army
who would come to the aid if one had problems with plumming? explain
A) Peasants
B) government workers
C) Venus Cloacina
D) Posidinus
C - Venus Cloacina
known as the “stinking Venus”
what is this called? describe it
Roman heating system
- raised floor with empty space b/w so that air can flow
- had ducts in walls
- has a furnace with hot air that would flow through floor and ducts
what army tactic did the romans abandon ? (based on the greek warfare)
The phalynax greek system
- used giant spears to penetrate invadors
- if you knew how it worked, you would attack the army by throwing objects rather then have infantry try and take them out
- whichever side attacked first lost
cemented sand and small gravel is called
A) Fossa
B) Statumen
C) Rudus
D) nucleus
C - rudus
Rome ended by being conqured
False
what was the first city to have a popualtion of over 1 million people?
A) Rome
B) Alexandria
C) Constantinople
D) none of the above
A - Rome
what is the worlds first sewer system called?
Cloca Maxima
the groma is the process of … for roman roads
making a grid plan
what is considered the modern version of concrete in the roman road building process?
Nucleus
in chronological order, describe the process of building a roman road
- Fossa
- Pavimentum
- statumen
- rudus
- nucleus
- summum dorsum
- parallel drainage ditch
who invented the public toilets?
Romans
what was the first instance when technology was used for propoganda?
the Flavian theater
step 3 in the roman building of roads is (hint crushed rock)
statumen
what is this called. Describe who made them. Where they were found. what did we know about them?
vindolanda writing tablets
- written by all ppls including the poor, the slaves, and prisoners
- we know this because there were some tablets that were written by slaves; they were directed to their masters to buy food for example or exhcange goods
- located at hadrians wall
- discovered thousands of letters all over roman empire
- we know now that nearly everyone in roman empire was litterate
- affordable and standardized
- wrote on wooden shingles
building construction was funded by the government at the time to employ people
False: it was unded by rich magistrates because it was seen as a privilege
whats the name of the biggest structure in rome?
circus Maximum
- used for chariot racing
- held b/w 250-500 thousand ppl
- build right under emperors palace
what were the 3 architectural orders in the roman empire? describe them
- doric
- basic style
- most affordable
- ionic
- used in gov buildings
- showed wealth and power
- more expensive
- corinthian
- most wealthy of them all
- intricate design
why did the romans build so many roads?
- used to control poeple
- a way for government to keep ppl busy and employed
- built by armies and legioneers
the roman roads were built to serve …
military purposes
who decided to build a new capital away from rome? What was it called?
Constantine. Constantilople
Rome was a city built of Marble
FALSE: it was first city built of cement
Who began to demolish roman buildings when they arrived and found it inhabbited?
the Visigoths
what are the compounds used in cement in the roman empire?
- volcanic ash
- lime
- water
what was the Eastern Roman empire called?
Byzantine Empire
how was water circulated through the city?
- used lead pipes
- went through aqueducts
Who wrote the first Mathematical model of the cosmos?
Claudius Ptolmey
who reformed the army system? what did he create for the soldiers?
Marius
- poor and landless now able to join army
- army was payed for the first time
- given retirement package after 25 years service
- soldiers would receive plot of land
- Problem: not enough land so they begun giving land in neighbouring countries
- the roman empire grew quickly in response to providing soldiers with retirement package land plans
what was the largest show in the theater?
A) Trijan
B) Trogan
C) maximum
D) None of the above
A - Trijan
what is known as the Romans google maps/earth?
describe it.
Millarium Aurem
- known as the “golden milestone”
- every town and city in roman empire is inscribed on the column
- tells you how far it is, how many hotels around, service stations, ect.
