Lecture 3: The invention of inventing Flashcards
who was Ptolmey I? discuss and describe him
- general of Alexander the great
- took over after Alexander died
- first time we see the impact of Hellenization
- was made a statue with a greek smile
- greek style incorporated into egyptian civilization
- he believed -> a good king would support his philosophers and his scientists that foster growth of knowlegde
what was the textbook on experimentation called?
Pneumatica
what were Heron of ALexandria’s most interesting contraptions? (list all 10)
- programmable robots
- self powered vehicles
- opperational steam engine
- jet powered steam turbine
- vaccume pump
- vending machine
- fire engine
- automatic doors
- light sensors
- high pressure automizer
who termed and invented neuroanatomy
A) Empedocles
B) Aristotle
C) Eratosthenes
D) Herophilius
E) Erasistratus
D) Herophilius
who was Erasistratus? what did he invent/propose?
- the heart is a pump
- argued that the brain is the body’s source of intelligence and control system
who was known as the happy pharaoh?
Ptolmey I
who was the director of the great library?
Eratosthenes
what was Heron’s invention that was able to impact the control over society?
automatic doors
- priests used this to control poeple ( mostly farmers )
- used as a way to get money from farmers
- they made it seem like the gods were opening the doors to them when they gave money to the church
what were some of Herophilius’ inventions?
- invented Neuroanatomy
- invented nervous system
- “nerves originate from the brain”
- proposed to use a clock to measure the patients pulse rate and patient’s health
why was dissection and vivisection not used in ancient society?
- seen as untraditional
- Herophilius and Erisistratus had texts that talked about this so it was not needed
- no such use for knowledge -> the balance of the 4 fluids of the body
alexander the great studied where?
Athens
what city did Alexander make the capital of egypt? discuss …
- alexandria
- capital of egypt BUT a greek city
- largest empire of antiquity (even larger then Greek and Roman empire)
What is hellenization? what was the event that made this happen? what did this make alexander?
- period of assimilation of greek culture around the world
- this begun when he invaded the persians and later the egyptians
- they made him Pharaoh
What did Eratosthenes invent and do for society?
- first to measure the circumference of the earth
- used stadia to calculate (250,000 stadia = 40,000 kms
- measures distance to sun and moon
- calculated by using the tilt on the earth on its axis
- he invented chronology
- assigning dates to historical events
- produced the first star catalogue
what year did Alexander attack and capture the persian empire?
- 334 BC
what did Ptolmey do with the research institute of C.280BC?
- Created the mouseion library
- having specimines for scientific research
- created the great library of alexandria
- heart of the research institute
- he created a divide in 2 faculties
- first time scientists are payed wages for doing research
- divided institutes into faculties
- had 1 million original books and tests
- goal to collect every single book from previous sceintists cuz that was knowledge in its purest form
- books destroyed when library gets destroyed
what was heron’s invention that powered the industrial revolution?
- vacuum pump
- eventually turned into industrial revolution steam engine
- abolished authority of the catholic church
what made alexander the great king?
the assasination of his father Philip II who had control over Greece at the time
what was considered Ptolmey’s back up library? discribe it
- the international library
- everything NOT written in greek
- kept copies of the most important texts
- **this is how little information of Archemidies survived**
Erasistratus was the first to introduce us to modern medicine
False: Herophilius
who had the greatest army and power at the time of Alexander the Great? what was his plan to defeat them?
- Persians
- unite greece and macedonia to attack persia
“the brain is the source of intelligence and the control system of the body”. Who said this?
Erasistratus
what happened to Ptolmey’s libraries? Describe the actions of wars and religions
- 272 AD civil war
- Library caught fire
- under ashes, parts of texts preserved
- 391 AD Christians
- destroyed backup library and books cuz they thought it was Pagan knowledge
- Arabs arrive in 642AD
- found burns ashes and books and wanted to preserve ancient knowledge
- salvaged what ever they could
Our knowledge of the greek world came from the Alexandrians by preserving original texts
FALSE: we knoe about the Greek world because of the ARABS who preserved and copied the original texts
what was Heron’s inventions that made possible the creation of the vehicle?
A) High pressure Atomizer
B) opperational Steam engine
C) self powered vehicle
D) vacuum pump
A) High pressure Atomizer
Heres why:
- it changed the way we travel and commute
- originally used as a perfume dispensor but the romans saw it as nothing but a toy
- this was similar to the injectors of the vehicle
- liquid was atomized (when used with fuel in the carborator)
who brought out the magic of technology and invented the invention of inventing?
Heron of Alexandria (lived during the roman period) -> gifted for making mechanical inventions
why werent Heron’s invention used?
- romans didnt want any of it cuz they saw his inventions as nothing but toys
- they refused to use heronian divices
- they required projects that would require human labor BUT his inventions were advanced and did not require human labor
why was the study of the human body (anatomy) not allowed in the ancient world?
- responsibility was to burry the individual in response to traditional practices
- punishable by death if found to be working on dead human bodies
