Lecture 3: The invention of inventing

Question 1

who was Ptolmey I? discuss and describe him

Answer 1

• general of Alexander the great
  
  • took over after Alexander died
• first time we see the impact of Hellenization
  
  • was made a statue with a greek smile
  • greek style incorporated into egyptian civilization
• he believed -> a good king would support his philosophers and his scientists that foster growth of knowlegde

Question 2

what was the textbook on experimentation called?

Answer 2

Pneumatica

Question 3

what were Heron of ALexandria’s most interesting contraptions? (list all 10)

Answer 3

• programmable robots
• self powered vehicles
• opperational steam engine
• jet powered steam turbine
• vaccume pump
• vending machine
• fire engine
• automatic doors
• light sensors
• high pressure automizer

Question 4

who termed and invented neuroanatomy

A) Empedocles

B) Aristotle

C) Eratosthenes

D) Herophilius

E) Erasistratus

Answer 4

D) Herophilius

Question 5

who was Erasistratus? what did he invent/propose?

Answer 5

• the heart is a pump
• argued that the brain is the body’s source of intelligence and control system

Question 6

who was known as the happy pharaoh?

Answer 6

Ptolmey I

Question 7

who was the director of the great library?

Answer 7

Eratosthenes

Question 8

what was Heron’s invention that was able to impact the control over society?

Answer 8

automatic doors

• priests used this to control poeple ( mostly farmers )
• used as a way to get money from farmers
  
  • they made it seem like the gods were opening the doors to them when they gave money to the church

Question 9

what were some of Herophilius’ inventions?

Answer 9

• invented Neuroanatomy
• invented nervous system
  
  • “nerves originate from the brain”
• proposed to use a clock to measure the patients pulse rate and patient’s health

Question 10

why was dissection and vivisection not used in ancient society?

Answer 10

• seen as untraditional
• Herophilius and Erisistratus had texts that talked about this so it was not needed
• no such use for knowledge -> the balance of the 4 fluids of the body

Question 11

alexander the great studied where?

Answer 11

Athens

Question 12

what city did Alexander make the capital of egypt? discuss …

Answer 12

• alexandria
• capital of egypt BUT a greek city
• largest empire of antiquity (even larger then Greek and Roman empire)

Question 13

What is hellenization? what was the event that made this happen? what did this make alexander?

Answer 13

• period of assimilation of greek culture around the world
• this begun when he invaded the persians and later the egyptians
• they made him Pharaoh

Question 14

What did Eratosthenes invent and do for society?

Answer 14

• first to measure the circumference of the earth
  
  • used stadia to calculate (250,000 stadia = 40,000 kms
• measures distance to sun and moon
• calculated by using the tilt on the earth on its axis
• he invented chronology
  
  • assigning dates to historical events
• produced the first star catalogue

Question 15

what year did Alexander attack and capture the persian empire?

Answer 15

• 334 BC

Question 16

what did Ptolmey do with the research institute of C.280BC?

Answer 16

• Created the mouseion library
  
  • having specimines for scientific research
• created the great library of alexandria
  
  • heart of the research institute
• he created a divide in 2 faculties
  
  • first time scientists are payed wages for doing research
  • divided institutes into faculties
• had 1 million original books and tests
  
  • goal to collect every single book from previous sceintists cuz that was knowledge in its purest form
• books destroyed when library gets destroyed

Question 17

what was heron’s invention that powered the industrial revolution?

Answer 17

• vacuum pump
• eventually turned into industrial revolution steam engine
• abolished authority of the catholic church

Question 18

what made alexander the great king?

Answer 18

the assasination of his father Philip II who had control over Greece at the time

Question 19

what was considered Ptolmey’s back up library? discribe it

Answer 19

• the international library
• everything NOT written in greek
• kept copies of the most important texts
• **this is how little information of Archemidies survived**

Question 20

Erasistratus was the first to introduce us to modern medicine

Answer 20

False: Herophilius

Question 21

who had the greatest army and power at the time of Alexander the Great? what was his plan to defeat them?

Answer 21

• Persians
• unite greece and macedonia to attack persia

Question 22

“the brain is the source of intelligence and the control system of the body”. Who said this?

Answer 22

Erasistratus

Question 23

what happened to Ptolmey’s libraries? Describe the actions of wars and religions

Answer 23

• 272 AD civil war
  
  • Library caught fire
  • under ashes, parts of texts preserved
• 391 AD Christians
  
  • destroyed backup library and books cuz they thought it was Pagan knowledge
• Arabs arrive in 642AD
  
  • found burns ashes and books and wanted to preserve ancient knowledge
  • salvaged what ever they could

Question 24

Our knowledge of the greek world came from the Alexandrians by preserving original texts

Answer 24

FALSE: we knoe about the Greek world because of the ARABS who preserved and copied the original texts

Question 25

what was Heron’s inventions that made possible the creation of the vehicle?

A) High pressure Atomizer

B) opperational Steam engine

C) self powered vehicle

D) vacuum pump

Answer 25

A) High pressure Atomizer

Heres why:

• it changed the way we travel and commute
• originally used as a perfume dispensor but the romans saw it as nothing but a toy
• this was similar to the injectors of the vehicle
• liquid was atomized (when used with fuel in the carborator)

Question 26

who brought out the magic of technology and invented the invention of inventing?

Answer 26

Heron of Alexandria (lived during the roman period) -> gifted for making mechanical inventions

Question 27

why werent Heron’s invention used?

Answer 27

• romans didnt want any of it cuz they saw his inventions as nothing but toys
• they refused to use heronian divices
• they required projects that would require human labor BUT his inventions were advanced and did not require human labor

Question 28

why was the study of the human body (anatomy) not allowed in the ancient world?

Answer 28

• responsibility was to burry the individual in response to traditional practices
• punishable by death if found to be working on dead human bodies