Lecture 9 Flashcards
What should be the primary change a person should make to their diet when planning to reduce their risk of heart disease?
Reducing amount of saturated fat is more important than amount of cholesterol in diet to prevent heart disease.
Which fats raise LDL levels?
C12, C14, C16 saturated fats increase LDL.
C18 does not increase LDLs.
What are the effects of trans fats and what is the recommended maximum amount that should be consumed?
trans increase LDL
increase inflammation and insulin resistance
A maximum of 1% of total fats in the body should be trans fats.
What are the benefits of consuming monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats?
Replace saturated fats in diet.
Lowers blood cholesterol
What are the benefits of consuming omega 3 fats?
Prevents blood clots, protects against irregular heartbeat, lower blood pressure.
What are the sources of omega 3 fats?
fatty fish
hens fed canola produce eggs rich in omega 3
Grass-fed cattle higher amounts than grain.
deep fried fish don’t count.
Why should omega-6 and omega-3 be balanced in diet?
ratio 6:1 is required for the metabolic pathways
What are the effects of saturated fats, trans fat, and cholesterol on development of cancer?
They increase risk of developing different types of cancer by causing obesity.
How much of daily energy should be from fat?
fat recommendation is to be at least 20% of calorie intake.
How does omega 3 consumption affect cancer?
omega 3 reduces risk of cancer
Why are fats important for the body?
Fats are important for intake of fat soluble vitamins.
Fats provide a good source of energy.
What are the types of fat replacers?
Fat subtitutes:
Fat mimetics:
What are the benefits of uisng olestra?
Olestra can be replaced on a one to one weight basis. It can replicate emulsification of lecithin, monoglycerides, and diglycerides. Not broken down by the body and gives the same thing as fat. It is a sucrose polyester.
How should nuts be implemented to a diet?
nuts have lots of energy and need to replace snacks rather than added to diet.
What are the benefits of consuming walnuts?
walnuts have lots of cardioprotective phytochemicals.
What is chocolate made of?
cocoa butter is extracted from cocoa beans and is required to make chocolate.
What kind of triglyceride compositions can be found in cocoa butter?
cocoa butter typically consists of SUU and SUS quite abundantly. This composition is similar to poultry fat.
Which fatty acid in chocolate contains multiple double bonds?
the middle fatty acid
What is polymorphism exhibited in fats??
Fats show multiple melting points.
When a TAG melt is cooled it solidifies in the lowest melting form.
When heated slowly this melts and resolidifies in the beta’ form. Which can form a more stable beta form.
This ability to exist in multiple states is known as polymorphism.
How is alpha form TAG made?
alpha form is most unstable and occurs when liquid forms are rapidly cooled.
How is beta’ form TAG made?
beta’ is formed from slow cooling. It is unstable.
How is beta form TAG made?
beta form is from very slow cooling. It is the most stable.
How is chocolate made?
Initial mixture is heated to eliminate the alpha conformation and then cooled very slowly to lower temperature then heated to 30 degrees again to melt the unstable crystals out.
