Lecture 9

Question 1

Flooding

Answer 1

-Edna Foa at Penn
-no hierarchy
—jumping right in
—prolonged exposure
-used for PTSD

Question 2

Aversion therapy

Answer 2

-something pleasurable not have pleasure
—electric fence for dog who runs away
-CS is paired with a stimulus that elicits a negative response

Question 3

Town economies

Answer 3

-using tokens that function as money
-exchanged for “back-up” reinforcers

Question 4

Advantages of tokens

Answer 4

-immediate gratification
-easily administered
-can change up rewards
-bridge delay between response and reinforcement

Question 5

Behavioral therapy with social learning/modelling

Answer 5

-observational learning
-modelling forms basis of many therapies
—used for medical procedures like needles or dentists
-gives kids some control

Question 6

Efficacy

Answer 6

-emphasis on IV
—determined by a clinical trial
—carefully controlled variables

Question 7

Effectiveness

Answer 7

-emphasis on EV
—natural clinical settings
—shows treatment can work in noncontrolled settings

Question 8

Randomized control trials

Answer 8

-much greater control equals groups vary by variable of interest only
—confidence in internal validity
-poor ecological validity
—tradoff between controlled variables
—ethical limitations

Question 9

Treatment outcome studies

Answer 9

-usually use experimental designs
-used to evaluate effects of therapies
—start with hypothesis
—random assignment
—IVs and DVs
Treatment<—Sample—> control