Lecture 4 Flashcards
Family systems paradigm
Focuses on family as a unit rather than individuals
—changes in the system will disrupt homeostasis
-interpersonal boundaries may be problematic
—ex. Overly enmeshed or distant
Social learning paradigm
learning through observing others, and imitation/modelling
-can be observed
—rewards/punishments of certain behaviors through observation
—bobo doll study
Interpersonal paradigms
Pioneered by harry sullivan
-interactions between a client and social environment
-our needs are interpersonal in that whether they are met depends on the complementary need of other people
—our needs are dependent on others, and vice versa)
Attachment theory
-Mary ainsworth
-infants need a giver to explore the world for them
—overly critical parents can cause overly sensitive or anxious adults
—relationships with caregiver script their future relationships
Attachment styles in babies
-Secure
-insecure avoidant
-insecure anxious
—insecure attachment does not necessarily equal abuse
-disorganized
Attachment styles in adults
-secure
-preoccupied
-dismissive (avoidant)
-fearful (disorganized)
Carl rogers
-conditions of worth from society lead to feelings of inadequacy, conformity, and emotional problems
—treatment based on unconditional regard helps them figure stuff out for themselves
Positive psychology
-stems from self-actualization and maximizing potential
—belief that humans are innately good
-focus is on attributes and personal characteristics that emphasize wellness (resilience, optimism, hope, etc.)
—Focuses away from negative outcomes and dysfunction
—focuses on protective factors
Criticism of positive psychology
-Therapist inferences of clients world may not be valid
—self-awareness does not necessarily lead to change
ANT thoughts
Automatic negative thoughts
Humanistic paradigm
-people have the capacity for goodness
-actual vs ideal self
—difference between these causes emotional distress
—therapists job is to help find the ideal self by providing acceptance
Cognitive paradigm
-learner is an active interpreter of a situation
-learners past knowledge imposes perceptual funnel on new experiences
—basic premise: a person is influence by their perception of the world around them
Common global dysfunctional assumptions
- I should be loved by everyone for every thing I do
- once something affects my life it will affect it forever
- I have no control over my emotions
- Ishould achieve in all I do
- it is better to avoid issues than to face them
Cognitive behavioral paradigm
-focuses on thoughts, beliefs and schemas that underlie behaviors
-was a reaction to psychodynamic and extreme behaviouralism perspectives (both extreme points of spectrum)
Types of cognition
- casual attribution
—characteristics of personal vs situation - Control beliefs
—belief about what causes the good or bad results in their life - Dysfunctional assumptions
Ellis model
A>B>C
Negative event>rational belief>healthy negative emotion
Becks model
-what you think impacts how you feel and what you do
—thoughts, feelings and behavior
-model of depression
—negative belief about yourself, the world and the future
Dementia
Age related change in cognition
-senility: loss of neurons accelerates by age of 65
—early onset dementia (pre-senile
Left side
-Languages and speech
-analytics
—pathological: though
-schizophrenia
-psychosis
Right side
-spatial awareness
-sequential processing
—storytelling
-emotions
—pathology: affective
-mania
-anxiety
Frontal lobe
-thinking,
-memory,
-planning,
-organization
-attention
-behavioural control
—inhibition of inappropriate behaviors
Occipital lobe
Vision
Temporal lobe
Hearing
Parietal lobe
-spatial awareness
-pain
-touch
-feedback from muscle spindles
Insula
Area associated with taste
-sensation of the digestive tract
-sensation of disgust
—moral disgust
Anterior cingulate
-putting emotions into context
-more complex emotional experiences
—empathy
-allows you to interpret emotional states
Organization of lobes
- Primary area
—awareness - Secondary area
— gnoses (knowledge) - Tertiary area
— allows you to integrate with other experiences (combining info)
