Lecture 3 Flashcards
Trends in Peterborough
-high wait times
-treatments in schools
-ER
-both adult and adolescent psychiatric units (but small amount of beds)
Community psychology
-rather than waiting for people to initiate contact
—seek out problems (or potential problems)
-focus on prevention
Self-stigma
Tendency to internalize these stigmas
-seeing oneself in more negative light as a result of experiencing a psychological disorder
Misconceptions
-common belief that people with mental disorders are violent
—when ACTUALLY, they are more likely to be victims of violence
-Incidence of violence is higher for people with severe mental illness
—HOWEVER the effect was paired with substance use
More recent views
More positive and informed attitudes found among
-young people
-more educated people
-peoples with training
-people with first hand experience
Origins of feuds theory
-worked with hysteria and hypnosis
-led to develop theory around unconsciousness
-“motivated forgetting”
—repression of difficult experiences
Primary drives
2 forces behind unacceptable desires
-Eros (sex)
-Thanatos (aggression)
Parts of the mind
- Conscious awareness
- Unconscious mind (repressed)
- Preconcious (not in current awareness, but not repressed)
I’d
Desire, and pleasure seeker
-present at birth
-basic needs
-immediate gratification
-operates according to pleasure principle
Ego
Balance, reality checker
-primary conscious
-begins to develop from id (second 6 moths of life)
-deals with reality (reality principle
—balance between demands of reality and immediate gratification desired by id
Superego
Rules and morals
-perfection principle
-the conscience
-develops through childhood
—incorporates parental values
—parental approval and disapproval
Objective anxiety
-life is in danger
-realistic anxiety felt towards danger in external world
Neurotic anxiety
-fear not connected to reality or any real threat
Moral anxiety
Arises when impulses of superego punish an individual for not meeting expectation
Defense mechanisms
-located in the ego
-strategies to reduce anxiety
—psychological symptoms arise because of breakdown of these (or overused)
Displacement (DM)
Redirecting an emotional response to a substitute
Reaction formation (DM)
Converting one feeling into its opposite
Regression (DM)
Retreating to behavior of an earlier age
Rationalization (DM)
Inventing reason for action/attitude
Sublimation (DM)
Converting sexual/agressive impulses into socially valued behaviors
Repression (DM)
Punching unacceptable impulses and thoughts into unconcious
Denial (DM)
Disavowing a traumatic experience and pushing it into unconscious
Projection (DM)
Attributing desires to external agent/ not accepting own desires
Psychosexual stages
Focused on certain parts of the body
1. Oral (birth-18mo)
2. Anal (18mo-3yrs)
3. Phallic (3-5yrs)
4. Latency (6yrs-adolescence)
5. Genital (Adolescence-adult)
Criticisms of infantile sexuality
-theories are based on anecdotes during therapy sessions
—not grounded in objectivity thus not scientific
-freuds observations/recollections could be unreliable
Contributions of psychoanalytical
-childhood experiences help shape personality
-unconscious influences behaviour
-defense mechanisms
Behavioral learning perspectives
Abnormal behavior results from responses in the same ways other behaviors are learned
Classical conditioning
Automatic pairing between reflex-triggering and neutral stimuli
Operant conditioning
Behavior changes based on outcomes (reinforcement vs punishment)
