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BIOA01 Module 2 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cell division?

A

When a single parental cell goes and becomes two daughter cells

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2
Q

What is mitotic cell division?

A

Asexual reproduction for unicellular eukaryotes

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3
Q

What is meiotic cell division?

A

Sexual reproduction with the offspring are the same as the parents genetic material

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4
Q

Why is cell division important?

A

It’s important for growth, cell replacement, healing, and reproduction

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5
Q

What are the two requirements for cell division?

A

First, the two daughter cells must receive full amount of genetic material from parents

Second parents must be big enough to divide and give cytoplasmic components to daughters

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6
Q

What’s the first step in binary fission ?

A

Circular bacterial DNA is attached to the inner membrane

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7
Q

What is the second step in binary fission?

A

DNA molecules proceeded bidirectionally around the circle

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8
Q

What is the third step in binary fission

A

Two identical DNA molecules in the cell form

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9
Q

What is the fourth step in binary fission?

A

The two cells will get bigger and elongate, resulting in them separating at the DNA attachment site

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10
Q

What is the fifth step in binary fission

A

Deformation of membrane and wall materials at the midpoint

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11
Q

What is the sixth step in binary fission

A

The selfie splits resulting in two daughter cells

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12
Q

Description of eukaryotes

A

They have large and linear genomes and DNA is in the nucleus

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13
Q

Description of prokaryotes

A

Small and circular genomes and DNA is in the cytoplasm

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14
Q

What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle?

A

Parent cells divided into two cells

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15
Q

What happens in the interphase of the cell cycle?

A

It’s the time between 2M phases and cells make many preparations

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16
Q

How is DNA organized in a structure

A

DNA is organized with his histones/protein into chromatin

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17
Q

What is the structure of chromosomes?

A

They are looped and packaged chromatin’s

18
Q

What are karyotype?

A

The number in shape of chromosome species and example is how humans have 46 chromosomes

19
Q

What does it mean for something to be haploid?

A

A cell with one complete set of chromosome (sperm/egg)

20
Q

What does it mean for something to be diploid?

A

A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes

21
Q

In mitosis what happens during prophase

A

Chromosomes, condense, and ensure mirrors move to opposite sides

22
Q

In mitosis what happens during prometaphase

A

The nuclear membrane breaks down and microtubules of mitotic spindles attached to chromosomes

23
Q

What are Centromere

A

Location where sister chromatids connect

24
Q

What are centrosomes used for?

A

Used for chromosome separation

25
Q

For mitosis what happens during metaphase

A

Chromosomes align in centre of the cell

26
Q

For mitosis what happens during anaphase

A

Sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell

27
Q

What happens during telophase for mitosis cell division?

A

The de condensation of chromosomes while nuclear envelope reforms

28
Q

What happens during cytokinesis for animals?

A

Ring of Acton filaments form in between the two cells when the ring shrinks it divides the cell into two

29
Q

What happens during cytokinesis for plants?

A

Division is done by making new cell wall and sell plates form once the cell wall fuses it becomes two cell cells

30
Q

What are the products of meiotic cell division?

A

And the two rounds called Miles one and 4 daughter cells are formed with half the chromosomes of the parents

31
Q

What happens in prophase one for meiosis?

A

First, the chromosome becomes visible and then homologous chromosomes, condense, and undergoes, synapsis, and finally two pairs of chromosomes form a bivalent then chromosome shortened/thicken and nuclear envelope breaks down

32
Q

What is crossing over?

A

Among us chromosomes undergo DNA segment exchange, which helps hold bivalence together

33
Q

What happened in prometaphase one

A

Spindles attached to kinetochores on chromosomes

34
Q

What happens in metaphase one

A

Humungous pears lineup in the centre of the cell performing bivalent

35
Q

What happens during Anna phase one

A

Homologous chromosome separate sister chromatids do not

36
Q

What happens in Chailu phase one/cytokinesis

A

Daughter cells are ready for pro face 2

37
Q

What is reduction division?

A

When you have the number of chromosomes and daughter cells

38
Q

what happens in meiosis two

A

It’s the same as mitosis, but nuclei and prophase 2 has half of chromosomes, not diploid

39
Q

What happens for males in cytoplasmic division?

A

Fair division occurs with the formation of sperm

40
Q

What happens in cytoplasmic division for females?

A

Cytoplasm is divided unequally in both meiotic divisions

BIOA01 Module 2 (10 decks)

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