Lecture 03

Question 1

Where does the energy come from to support human activities?

Answer 1

It comes from food which gives glucose, fructose, sucrose, protein, lipids and polysaccharides.

Question 2

What is metabolism

Answer 2

A set of chemical reactions which transfer bio molecules and transfer energy.

Question 3

Kinetic energy

Answer 3

energy of motion

Question 4

Potential energy

Answer 4

stored energy

Question 5

What are the laws of thermodynamics

Answer 5

laws that govern energy flow in biological systems

Question 6

What are the requirements to be a cell

Answer 6

Cells need a membrane to separate inside of the cell from the outside.

A way to encode/transmit info

Need energy to support them

Question 7

What does ATP stand for

Answer 7

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 8

What are the two components to ATP

Answer 8

• Adenosine - adenine and ribose
• Tri-phosphate

Question 9

ATP phosphate is held together by what?

Answer 9

chemical bonds - each has different energy levels

Question 10

What is ATP needed for

Answer 10

Active transport thus is needed for all daily activities

Question 11

What is Metabolism

Answer 11

building/breaking of carbon sources to harness/release energy

Question 12

What does ATP have to do with Metabolism

Answer 12

ATP can be formed/consumed in this

Question 12

What are the two types of main trophs

Answer 12

Phototroph and chemotroph

Question 13

What is a phototroph

Answer 13

organisms that get energy from sun light (plant)

by converting carbon dioxide and water to sugar and oxygen

Question 14

What is an chemotroph

Answer 14

organism that needs to use chemical compounds for energy

by breaking down chemical compounds into foods

Question 15

what are the two carbon source trophs

Answer 15

autotroph and heterotroph

Question 16

what is a autotroph

Answer 16

feeds themselves using inorganic carbon sources

Question 17

What is a heterotroph

Answer 17

energy in carbon from organic compounds

Question 18

what type of troph is cyano bacteria

Answer 18

photoautotroph

Question 19

What type of troph is most bacteria

Answer 19

Chemoheterotroph

Question 20

What type of troph are plants

Answer 20

photoautotroph

Question 21

What type of troph is sulfer-oxidizing

Answer 21

chemoautotroph

Question 22

what type of troph are animals

Answer 22

chemoheterotroph

Question 23

What type of troph is most green-nonsulfer bacteria

Answer 23

photoheterotroph

Question 24

what type of troph is heliobacteria

Answer 24

photoheterotroph

Question 25

what type of troph is hydrogen bacteria

Answer 25

Chemoautotroph

Question 26

What is catabolism

Answer 26

the breakdown of molecules into smaller units

Question 27

examples of catabolism products

Answer 27

macromolecules, carbs, protein, fat, and nucleic acid -> sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides

Question 28

What is Anabolism

Answer 28

the building of molecules from small units

Question 29

What is chemical energy

Answer 29

potential energy in chemical bonds (stronger bond = less potential energy)

Question 30

What happens when a bond is broken for chemical energy

Answer 30

energy will be released

Question 31

What is the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 31

energy is not created nor destroy it is simply changing forms

Question 32

What is the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 32

reactions are not perfect, some energy is lost

Question 33

What is entropy

Answer 33

describes the amount of disorder