Lecture 4 Flashcards
what are chemical reactions
the breaking/forming of bonds
What is energetic coupling
when a spontaneous reaction drives a non-spontaneous reaction
What are enzymes
catalysts that increase the rate of a reaction
What are allosteric enzymes
enzymes that are activated/inhibited as when binding to another molecule changes its shape
What is free radical (reactive oxygen species)
it describes atoms/molecules that contain unpaired electrons that become unstable
What happens to bonds during reactions
bonds change how they are linked to each other
What is gibs free energy
delta G - the amount of energy in a system to do work
What happens if products have more energy than reactants
delta G is (+), its endergonic, and non-spontaneous
What happens when reactants have more energy than products
delta G is (-), its exergonic, and spontaneous
What is enthalpy and the formula for it
energy available for work + energy lost
delta G= delta H - T delta S
In a catabolic reaction what is the enthalpy formula
(-) delta G= small delta H - big T delta S
In a anabolic reaction what is the enthalpy formula
(+) delta G= big delta H - small T delta S
in energy coupling, if reaction 1 is delta G = -7.3
spontaneous cause (-)
in energy coupling, if reaction 2 is delta G = 3.3
non-spontaneous cause (+)
in energy coupling, if result is delta G = -4.0
couples reaction due to (-)
What happens in Intermediate delta G
ATP drives the reaction and replenishes its self
What is activation energy (Ea)
energy needed to start a reaction
What happens if the amount of Ea is low
less energy is needed to start a reaction
What is the connection between enzymes and Ea
they work by lowering Ea by forming a complex with substrate to get ES and then the substrate becomes a product and disassociates from the enzyme
What are enzyme shapes like
They are like protein
What is the Active site and how does it affect Ea
sites that bond with substrate and converts the substrate to products
lowers Ea
What affects enzymes
activators/inhibitors
What do activators do
increase enzyme activities
What do inhibitors do
they decrease/block enzyme activities and can be reversable or not
How do inhibitors work
They bind to active sites and compete with substrates
What do allosteric enzymes do
They bind to enzymes to change its shape
