Lecture 5

Question 1

What is glycolysis

Answer 1

The oxidation of glucose which results in the production of pyruvate and ATP

Question 2

What is pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 2

Pyruvate is oxidized to form acetyl – COA, which connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle

Question 3

What is the citric acid cycle?

Answer 3

The oxidation of fuel in which ATP and is produced and reduced electrons

Question 4

What is the process of cellular Respiration

Answer 4

The process of molecules, being broken down into carbs, lipids, and proteins

Question 5

What happens during cellular respiration?

Answer 5

Energy is converted from fuel molecules into ATP, which allows cells to do work

Question 6

How many stages are there in cellular respiration?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What is an oxidation reaction? And what is the agent of this reaction?

Answer 7

Oxidation is the loss of electrons and an example of how glucose is an electron donor, which means it’s a reducing agent

Question 8

What is the reduction reaction and what is the agent?

Answer 8

Reductions are a gain of electron, and the agent is an oxidizing agent

Question 9

What are the two types of electron carriers?

Answer 9

NAD plus and FAD

Question 10

For electron carriers, what is the reduced form and example?

Answer 10

The reduced form is when the carriers are loaded with electrons so NADH and FADH2

Question 11

How many phases are there in glycolysis?

Answer 11

Three phases

Question 12

What happens in the preparatory stage of glycolysis?

Answer 12

Two phosphate groups are added to glucose, which this trapped the phosphate in the cell and destabilizes it

Question 13

What happens in the cleavage phase of glycolysis?

Answer 13

The products of the last stage is cleaved to make two molecules

Question 14

What is produced in the payoff phase of glycolysis?

Answer 14

For ATP and 2NADH and pyruvate are produced

Question 15

In the mitochondria what are the two membrane system?

Answer 15

The outer and inner membrane systems

Question 16

What is the space between the outer and inner membrane systems?

Answer 16

The inner membrane space

Question 17

What is the space inside the inner membrane for the mitochondria?

Answer 17

The mitochondrial matrix

Question 18

What mainly happens in acetyl– COA synthesis

Answer 18

Pyruvate is converted into acetyl – COA

Question 19

Where does acetyl COA synthesis occur?

Answer 19

It occurs in the cytosol in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 20

What are some other names for the citric acid cycle?

Answer 20

The crab cycle or the TCA cycle

Question 21

How many reactions occur in the citric acid cycle

Answer 21

8 reactions

Question 22

In the citric acid cycle, what happens when fuel molecules are fully oxidized

Answer 22

Chemical energy gets stored in bonds of acetyl – COA, which is used for ATP

Question 23

What occurs in reaction 8 and 6

Answer 23

Electron carriers are produced

Question 24

What occurs in reaction 5 of the citric acid cycle

Answer 24

Substrate level phosphorylation will provide inorganic phosphate ATP to produce ATP

Question 25

What goes in the citric acid cycle and what are the products of it?

Answer 25

Two ace tile – COA get converted into 2 ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH and for CO2

Question 26

What happens in the electron transport chain?

Answer 26

ATP is synthesized

Question 27

How many complexes are in the electron transport chain?

Answer 27

There are four large protein complexes 123 and four

Question 28

How do electrons enter the complexes?

Answer 28

In complex one NADH enters and complex to FADH2 enters

Question 29

Once the electrons enter the complexes, what occurs

Answer 29

Once this happens code enzyme eight excepts, the electrons which become COQH2

Question 30

After the enzymes become COQH2 what happens?

Answer 30

COQH2 diffuses in the inner membrane and transfers, electrons over to complex three

Question 31

Once COQH2 is diffused and sent to complex three what happens

Answer 31

Electrons are given to cytochrome C, which gives them to complex four

Question 32

What happened to the energy released as electrons go from complex one to complex four

Answer 32

The energy is used for ATP synthesis

Question 33

What are the two subunits in ATP synthesis?

Answer 33

F0 and F1

Question 34

What happens in ATP synthase for F0

Answer 34

F0 forms the channels in the inter mitochondria membrane where energy becomes kinetic

Question 35

What happens in ATP synthase for F1

Answer 35

Kinetic energy goes to F1 and potential energy is again stored in ATP