Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is glycolysis
The oxidation of glucose which results in the production of pyruvate and ATP
What is pyruvate oxidation?
Pyruvate is oxidized to form acetyl – COA, which connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle
What is the citric acid cycle?
The oxidation of fuel in which ATP and is produced and reduced electrons
What is the process of cellular Respiration
The process of molecules, being broken down into carbs, lipids, and proteins
What happens during cellular respiration?
Energy is converted from fuel molecules into ATP, which allows cells to do work
How many stages are there in cellular respiration?
4
What is an oxidation reaction? And what is the agent of this reaction?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons and an example of how glucose is an electron donor, which means it’s a reducing agent
What is the reduction reaction and what is the agent?
Reductions are a gain of electron, and the agent is an oxidizing agent
What are the two types of electron carriers?
NAD plus and FAD
For electron carriers, what is the reduced form and example?
The reduced form is when the carriers are loaded with electrons so NADH and FADH2
How many phases are there in glycolysis?
Three phases
What happens in the preparatory stage of glycolysis?
Two phosphate groups are added to glucose, which this trapped the phosphate in the cell and destabilizes it
What happens in the cleavage phase of glycolysis?
The products of the last stage is cleaved to make two molecules
What is produced in the payoff phase of glycolysis?
For ATP and 2NADH and pyruvate are produced
In the mitochondria what are the two membrane system?
The outer and inner membrane systems
What is the space between the outer and inner membrane systems?
The inner membrane space
What is the space inside the inner membrane for the mitochondria?
The mitochondrial matrix
What mainly happens in acetyl– COA synthesis
Pyruvate is converted into acetyl – COA
Where does acetyl COA synthesis occur?
It occurs in the cytosol in the mitochondrial matrix
What are some other names for the citric acid cycle?
The crab cycle or the TCA cycle
How many reactions occur in the citric acid cycle
8 reactions
In the citric acid cycle, what happens when fuel molecules are fully oxidized
Chemical energy gets stored in bonds of acetyl – COA, which is used for ATP
What occurs in reaction 8 and 6
Electron carriers are produced
What occurs in reaction 5 of the citric acid cycle
Substrate level phosphorylation will provide inorganic phosphate ATP to produce ATP
What goes in the citric acid cycle and what are the products of it?
Two ace tile – COA get converted into 2 ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH and for CO2
What happens in the electron transport chain?
ATP is synthesized
How many complexes are in the electron transport chain?
There are four large protein complexes 123 and four
How do electrons enter the complexes?
In complex one NADH enters and complex to FADH2 enters
Once the electrons enter the complexes, what occurs
Once this happens code enzyme eight excepts, the electrons which become COQH2
After the enzymes become COQH2 what happens?
COQH2 diffuses in the inner membrane and transfers, electrons over to complex three
Once COQH2 is diffused and sent to complex three what happens
Electrons are given to cytochrome C, which gives them to complex four
What happened to the energy released as electrons go from complex one to complex four
The energy is used for ATP synthesis
What are the two subunits in ATP synthesis?
F0 and F1
What happens in ATP synthase for F0
F0 forms the channels in the inter mitochondria membrane where energy becomes kinetic
What happens in ATP synthase for F1
Kinetic energy goes to F1 and potential energy is again stored in ATP
