Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Subcortical attentional System is responsible for ______

A

Alerting.
primitive, general level of arousal and alerting.

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2
Q

Posterior attentional System is responsible for ______

A

Orienting.
Direction of attention in space; based on sensory information.

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3
Q

Anterior attentional System is responsible for ______

A

Executive Control
Sustain attention to objects or events, select based on abstract information; switch among tasks.

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4
Q

Anterior cingulate cortex’s function

A

חשוב במיוחד כשיש אלמנטים הנמצאים בתחרות על הקשב שלנו, ניטור ו evaluation

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5
Q

Orbitofrontal cortex’s function

A

קשור לאינהיביציה: להמשיך במטלה למשך זמן או לא.

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6
Q

Vigilance tasks (tonic alerting)

A

לעמוד מול מסך וללחוץ כשרואים כוכב צהוב.
דורש הקדשת קשב לאורך זמן ממושך.

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7
Q

Cueing tasks - warning (phasic alerting)

A

רואים גירוי ומוסיפים גירוי קול נוסף ובודקים עד כמה הוא משפיע על היכולת שלי לבצע את המטלה.

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8
Q

The locus coeruleus

A

Very important for the subcortical alerting system

is activated following a warning signal, sympathetic system, fight or flight, reflexes.

תפקיד חשוב ביצירת נוירופנפרין ונוירו אדרנלין שמגבירים את הערנות.

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9
Q

RH is involved in _____, while LH is involved in _______

A

Slower, tonic alerting
Rapid, phasic alerting

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10
Q

Tonic & neurotransmitters means:

A

הרמה היציבה של ההפרשה

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11
Q

Phasic & neurotransmitters means:

A

הפרשה תלוית גירוי מסוים, קצבית

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12
Q

Interparietal sulcus’s role in attention

A

חשוב להתמקמות במרחב

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13
Q

TPJ’s role in attention

A

Circuit breaker: breaking the focus of attention on invalid trials.
Perspective taking

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14
Q

Anticholinergic drugs

A

מעכבים היכולת לעשות אוריינטציה
injected into the parietal lobe have large effects
on the ability to shift attention to the target.

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15
Q

What ability is needed to perform well on Stroop?

A

Inhibitory control including inhibiting automatic/ prepotent response.

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16
Q

Anterior executive function system in terms of neuroanatomy:

A
  • The frontoparietal network (moment-to-moment task)
  • The Cingulo-opercular network (task maintenance)
17
Q

Types of Executive Functions/ this meta-cognitive control system includes:

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Response Inhibition
  3. Planning
  4. Flexibility
  5. Self-monitoring
18
Q

Ventromedial lesion results in

A

Problems with Initiation (start behaviour)
Apathy
Lack of drive
Problems with fluency (Fluency Task)

19
Q

Orbitofrontal lesion results in

A

Response inhibition (to stop automatic behavior)
Impulsivity
Stimulus bound/ utilization behaviour (i.e., appropriate
usage of an object by a patient, however, at an inappropriate situation)
Perseveration

20
Q

DLPFC lesion results in

A

Problem in Planning
No sense of timing
Disorganized
Difficulty working toward distant goals
Sequencing
Task persistence
Distractible, uncompleted tasks
Caught in irrelevant information

Problems in Flexibility
Problem solving, Creativity
Rigid, narrow thinking
Difficulty understanding other’s perspectives
Inability to generate novel ideas

21
Q

Error related negativity (ERN)

A

הירידה בוולט של השדה חשמלי ובביצוע כתוצאה מהטעות.
רואים ב- ERP שיש מודעות לטעות שעשו
אם מבקשים דייקנות גם במטלות האפקט נעשה הרבה יותר גדול.
Anterior cingulate gyrus

22
Q

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus lesion results in

A

Monitoring and evaluation:
Inability to detect and respond to errors
Difficulty incorporating external feedback
No awareness to self and abilities
מאיטים, אחוז הביצוע הנכון עולה - error + 1 trial

23
Q

Gratton effect

A

a lower interference effect after an incongruent trial compared to the effect after a congruent trial.
מאיטים, אחוז הביצוע הנכון עולה - error + 1 trial מצליחים לנטר

24
Q

Validity effect (Posner cueing task)

A

= RT invalid - RT valid
המחיר שמשלמים בגלל ההטעיה. מדד המשקף כמה אנחנו טובים בלעשות את הרה אוריינטציה.

25
Q

מדידת האוריינטציה כשלעצמה

A

Valid - neutral

26
Q

מדידת הרה אוריינטציה כשלעצמה

A

Invalid - neutral