Lecture 10 Flashcards
What are the six universal emotions?
Happiness
sadness
fear
disgust
anger
surprise
Plutchik’s wheel of emotions
People experience 8 core or primary emotions, which he arranged in opposite pairs on a wheel. He adds trust and anticipation:
- joy & sadness
- trust & disgust
- fear & anger
- surprise & anticipation
Valence-Arousal-Dominance Model
Valence: the pleasantness of a stimulus.
Arousal: the intensity of emotion provoked by a stimulus.
Dominance: the degree of control exerted by a stimulus.
Which Principal components do people use to “read” emotions?
1) Physiology: autonomic system and hormonal changes.
2) Distinctive motor behavior such as change in tone.
3) Self-reported cognition/ feelings.
James-Lange theory
Physiological responses occur first and are the cause of emotions.
The physical reaction needs to be present (not imagined) in order to actually experience real emotion.
Canon-Bard theory
Emotion and the physical response occur simultaneously, and one is not dependent upon the other.
ישנה חוסר ספציפיות של תגובות פיזיולוגיות כך שאותה תגובה פיזיולוגית תוכל להתעורר כתוצאה מכמה וכמה רגשות.
אין פרשנות פיזיולוגית או קוגניטיבית.
Schachter and Singer’s theory
An interaction between physical arousal and how we cognitively label that arousal.
In other words, simply feeling arousal is not enough; we also must identify the arousal in order to feel the emotion.
Hypothalamus controls the Fight or Flight response through its activation of the
- sympathetic activation in perceived danger.
- Endocrine system: The system Hypothalamic Pituitary–Adrenal axis (HPA). Subject to a complex feedback system.
Septum’s function =
קשור לנוזל התוך מוחי ונמצא בין החדרים וקשור לחילופי חומרים.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Found in rhesus monkeys following complete bilateral removal of amygdala:
Individuals showing no affect, no fear
Indiscriminative diet
Increased sexual behavior with inappropriate objects
a tendency to examine every stimulus by mouth
Humans with amygdala damage have difficulty:
identifying fearful faces, fearful & angry sounds, scary music.
They tend to judge faces as more trustful.
What are the four domains of social cognition?
Emotion processing
Theory of Mind
Attributional bias
Social perception
Social perception
The decoding and interpretation of social cues in others (e.g., understanding that others disagree with what one said when one sees them roll their eyes).
What three brain areas are found in the social brain model by the Leslie brothers?
1) Orbitofrontal region.
2) Amygdala.
3) Superior temporal sulcus - לעקוב אחרי המבט של אחרי plus it is an association cortex.
Adophs’s 2001 model - neurobiology of social cognition
יש גירוי שמעבדת אותו, מערך קוגניטיבי רגשי הכולל מוטיבציה, מה שיוצר את ההתנהגות החברתית שלנו. יש פידבק.
Motor cortex, basal ganglia, amygdala, and sensory and association cortices.
Social perception, social cognition, and social behaviour.
