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SOCI 201 > Lecture 9-11 M2 > Flashcards

Lecture 9-11 M2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four key concepts?

A
  • social action
  • social structure
  • culture
  • power
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2
Q

What are the basic elements of social structure?

A
  • status

- role

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3
Q

What are the types of social statuses?

A
  • ascribed

- achieved

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4
Q

What is an ascribed social status and an example?

A

A social status assumed at birth or involuntarily later in life, being a daughter

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5
Q

What is an achieved social status and an example?

A

A social status one assumes voluntarily and reflects personal ability and effort, being a student

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6
Q

Define status set?

A

All the statuses a person holds at a given time

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7
Q

Define master status?

A

A more important social status that shapes ones social identity

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8
Q

Define role?

A

A behaviour associated with a certain status

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9
Q

Define role conflict?

A

Incompatible roles of two or more statuses

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10
Q

Define role strain?

A

Competing incompatible roles of one status

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11
Q

Define culture?

A

Learned knowledge that is constantly communicated among people who share a common way of life

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12
Q

Is culture inherent at birth?

A

No, its learned

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13
Q

What does participation in a culture allow for?

A

Meaningful understanding of ones own actions and actions of others

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14
Q

What is a sociologists definition of power?

A

The ability of one actor to determine the course of events or the structure of social organization

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15
Q

How can power be exercised?

A
  • directly by force

- indirectly by shaping social structure or culture

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16
Q

What two sociological perspectives relate to power?

A
  • Marx is all about conflict that comes from power

- Goffman and symbolic interactionism and impression management

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17
Q

Define socialization

A

The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

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18
Q

What does socialization link individuals and societies through?

A
  • culture

- structure

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19
Q

When learning culture through socialization, what is a consequence?

A

Ethnocentrism

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20
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Judging another culture by the standards of their own culture

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21
Q

What do the words, “social experience,” in the definition of socialization tell us about socialization?

A
  • allows for social reproduction; socialization persists from one generation to the next
  • links societies and individuals through structure
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22
Q

What stage of life are people socialized?

A

From birth to death

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23
Q

What does the words, “develop their human potential,” in the definition of socialization mean?

A
  • without socialization people wouldn’t be able to participate in society
  • we know this because of unsocialized children (ANA and GENIE)
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24
Q

What philosophical theory did Mead believe in?

A

Symbolic interactionism

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25
Q

What does symbolic interactionism say interaction between humans takes place through?

A

Interaction takes place through symbols and interpretation of meanings

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26
Q

What is a looking glass and who developed the theory?

A

Looking glass is a mirror and was developed by a symbolic interactionists, Cooley

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27
Q

What is the looking glass self theory?

A

The image people have of themselves is based on how they believe others see them, others are a mirror which we see ourselves in

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28
Q

What problem did Meads theory of childhood development address?

A

It addressed the problem of the emergence of the self

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29
Q

Define self

A

A sense of having a distinct identity separate from other things

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30
Q

Are children born with a sense of self?

A

No

31
Q

How does one acquire a sense of self?

A

Interactions with others beginning in childhood

32
Q

What are the stages in the development of the self?

A
  • play stage
  • game stage
  • generalized other
33
Q

What is a key concept in the 3 stages of development of the self?

A

Role taking

34
Q

Define role taking?

A

Imagining the situation from another persons point of view

35
Q

What is play stage?

A

Take the role of a specific person, one at a time

36
Q

What is game stage?

A

Take the role of more than one specific person at a time in one situation

37
Q

What is generalized others?

A
  • use general values and moral rules as referents
  • begin to think of what people think of them
  • monitor their own behaviour
38
Q

What do children develop as they move through the stages of childhood development?

A

The ability to take on an ever-increasing number of roles. This ties directly to socialization as were absorbing culture

39
Q

What are the agencies of socialization?

A
  • families
  • peers
  • schools
  • mass media
  • other socializing agents
40
Q

What depends on place in social order?

A

How socialized children are

41
Q

What does social order include?

A

-class, gender, race, ethnicity

42
Q

What is the main socializing agent in all cultures?

A

Families

43
Q

How are families socializing agents?

A
  • connects different generations together

- older generations perpetuate norms and values

44
Q

Define peer

A

Children of the same age

45
Q

What is different about family and peers?

A

Peers is egalitarian where is family is hierarchical

46
Q

How do peer group settings socialize children?

A
  • learning norms of sharing and equity

- friendship

47
Q

What are the ways in which socialization at schools occurs?

A

-formal and hidden curriculum

48
Q

What is formal curriculum?

A

Teaches student specific subject matter

49
Q

What is hidden curriculum?

A

Transmission from one generation to the next of values and norms (be quiet in class, punctual, etc.)

50
Q

How do structural functionalists see the hidden curriculum?

A
  • positively
  • latent function of schools as socializing agents
  • prepare kids for workforce which increases the degree of functional integration of a society
51
Q

How does social conflict approach view hidden curriculum?

A
  • reproduces social inequality, b/c students are pushed into roles
  • example is Paul Willists Marxist experiment
52
Q

What is Paul Willis’s experiment?

A
  • looked at social mobility

- found workers got working class jobs and middle class got middle class jobs

53
Q

What does Paul Willis’s experiment highlight?

A

The ability of a school to socialize children and the long term effects of it. The hidden and formal curriculum

54
Q

How does the mass media act as a socializing agent?

A

It influences behaviours and attitudes by providing people with information. It gives info that people normally wouldn’t have

55
Q

What are the ‘other’ socializing agents?

A
  • day care

- local communities

56
Q

Why is day care an increasing socializing agent?

A

-because there is an increasing amount of women working

57
Q

What are the types of socialization that occur in adulthood?

A
  • desocialization and resocialization
  • occupational socialization
  • anticipatory socialization
58
Q

What is desocialization and resocialization?

A
  • first a disruption of previous beliefs and then acceptance of radical new beliefs
  • happens under extreme circumstance
  • concentration camps
59
Q

Where is desocialization and resocialization most likely to occur?

A
  • total institutions or carceral organizations

- control by separating

60
Q

What is occupational socialization and what knowledge does it bring?

A
  • is from a job
  • specific job related skills
  • values and ethics that apply to the work
  • unofficial rules of workplace
  • knowledge of how people should relate to each other
61
Q

What is anticipatory socialization?

A

Attempts to prepare for a new work role

62
Q

What culture generally socializes people?

A

Dominant culture

63
Q

Is dominant culture always what is socializing people? Give an example?

A

No, people can be socialized into subcultures, illustrated by socialization and deviance

64
Q

What is deviance?

A

Non-conformity to norms and values that are accepted by most in society

65
Q

What theory is used to explain deviance?

A

Yes, differential association theory

66
Q

What is the differential association theory?

A

Deviants tend to form social bonds with other deviants from whom they learn the deviant norms and values

67
Q

Based on differential association theory what can be concluded about how deviance is created?

A

Deviant behaviour is produced by the same socializing processes as conforming behaviour

68
Q

What did Mead study?

A

Childhood development

69
Q

What does culture get transmitted through?

A

Socialization, it is a process of cultural transmission

70
Q

What does the word “lifelong,” in the definition of socialization mean?

A

Socialization can occur from birth-death, not just children are socialized

71
Q

What is Mead’s “Point of Departure”

A
  • A child is not born with a self

- self is a social construction thus its not possible to be born with it

72
Q

What theory did Cooley believe in?

A

Symbolic interactionism

73
Q

What type of implications do peer groups have?

A

Lifelong

SOCI 201 (10 decks)

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