Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SOCI 201 > Lecture 1-3 M1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1-3 M1 Flashcards

1
Q

What events were the origin of sociology?

A
  • industrial revolution

- French revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How did the French Revolution impact sociology?

A
  • major change
  • secular ideas
  • universal liberty and equality
  • democracy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What changes did the Industrial revolution cause?

A
  • industrialization
  • urbanization
  • rapid population growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did industrialization bring and effect?

A
  • conditions of living changed
  • technological innovations
  • cultural diversity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is urbanization

A

Land to cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What era does sociology concentrate on?

A

Modern society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are the French and industrial revolutions important as origins?

A

They represent the transition from traditional society to modern society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define sociology

A

Sociology is the scientific study of human societies that are produced, reproduced and transformed by the actions and interactions of individuals in social contexts that constrain and enable these individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the subject of sociology that is defined in the definition of sociology?

A

Human societies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the words produce, reproduce and transform in the definition of sociology mean?

A

Establish a society, stability and change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does sociology ignore individuals?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the procedural definition of science?

A
  • systematic methods of investigation
  • theoretical thinking
  • imperial assessments of arguments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is different about sociology as a science and physics?

A

Fundamentally different relationship between sociology and it’s subject matter vs natural sciences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are invariant laws?

A

-imperial verifiable statements that hold at all time in all places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compare atoms to humans

A

Atoms:
-cannot know what scientists say about them and change their behaviour accordingly
-behaviour is explained by invariant laws
Humans
-can get to know what scientists say and change their behaviour in light of knowledge
-historical products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are historical products?

A

Hold at particular times in particular places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is sociological theory?

A

A body of organized and in principle, verifiable ideas that sociologists have developed about social life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who were the classical sociological theorists?

A
  • August Comte
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Karl Marx
  • Max Weber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What were Comte’s beliefs and definitions about sociology?

A
  • used the term sociology to refer to a scientific approach to the study of social life
  • said it was an autonomous science (separate and distinct form other sciences)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define positivism

A

We can study social life in the same way that natural science is studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Would Comte and our Professor define sociology the same way?

A

No, Comte is saying sociology and natural science are the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What were Durkheim’s belief’s and definitions about sociology?

A
  • studied social facts
  • study social facts by considering social facts as things, people=atoms (treat human beings as objects in nature and social patterns as events in nature)
  • goal of sociology is to explain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are social facts?

A
  • properties of societies
  • external to individuals
  • constrains individuals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What two methods can be used to explain explanation?

A
  • causal explanation

- functional explanation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What would our Professor and Durkheim agree on?

A

The goal of the science of sociology to explain

26
Q

What did Durkheim study and why is it ironic?

A

He studied suicide rates, a very personal decision for someone who only cares about society

27
Q

What trends did Durkheim see in suicide rates?

A

-lowest in catholic regions
-highest in protestant regions
`

28
Q

What was Durkheim’s explanation for varying levels of suicide rates?

A

-causal explanation of level of integration and suicide rates, one goes up the other down
the protestant stands alone before God, Catholic Priests intervene

29
Q

What is the definition for causal explanation?

A

The search for antecedent (something that comes before) conditions that produce a given effect

30
Q

What is the definition for functional explanation?

A

Consequences of a social phenomenon for the operation of society as a whole

31
Q

What are Marx’s beliefs and definitions for sociology?

A
  • he is anti-capitalist
  • most important influences in society are economic influences
  • societies are shaped by their economic systems
  • characterizes capitalism by either a class system made up of two classes or a set of social institutions
32
Q

How did Marx explain capitalism as a class system for capitalists/bourgeoisie?

A
  • own capital
  • ruling class
  • goal is to maximize profits
33
Q

How did Marx explain capitalism as a class system for workers/proletariat?

A
  • vast majority of the population
  • class of wage earners
  • goal is to maximize wages
34
Q

What did Marx propose as the solution for capitalism?

A

To get rid of capitalism and move towards socialism

35
Q

What analogy did Marx use to explain capitalism as a set of social institutions?

A
  • base is economic institutions (infrastructure)

- superstructure is all the other institutions of society

36
Q

What is the relationship between base and superstructure?

A

Superstructure exists to legitimate the interests of the ruling class and a system of class domination, preventing workers from seeing capitalism for what it really is

37
Q

What did Marx suggest was the solution to the problems of workers not seeing what capitalism really is?

A

Moving from a false consciousness (not seeing what it is) to a true class consciousness (seeing what it is)

38
Q

Define ideology

A

Cultural beliefs or ideas that justify particular social relations

39
Q

What are Webers beliefs and definition of sociology?

A
  • also agrees sociology should use procedures of science
  • also agrees goal is to explain
  • cannot study people in the same way natural science studies things
  • because human beings attach meanings to what we do
40
Q

What do all classical sociological theorists agree and disagree on?

A
  • agree that sociology is a science:
    • systematic methods of investigation
    • analysis of data
    • assessment of theories in light of empirical evidence
  • disagree about the nature of the individual-society relationship
41
Q

How does modern sociological theory theorize the individual-society relationship?

A
  • macro-extremism
  • micro extremism
  • micro-macro extremism
42
Q

What does each modern sociological theory specify?

A
  • nature of the individual
  • nature of society
  • nature of relationship between individual and society
43
Q

What is the diagram for macroextremism

A

S—> I

44
Q

What is the diagram for micro extremism

A

I —> S

45
Q

What is the diagram for micro macro linkage

A

I <=> S

46
Q

What is important to know about each of the modern sociological theories?

A

Logically contradictory, can only hold one of these views at a time

47
Q

What are the beliefs of macro extremists

A
  • social structures
  • societies as entities with laws of their own
  • structural constraint is key
  • don’t care about individuals intentions, motives and reasons
48
Q

Who holds beliefs similar to macro extremism?

A

Durkheim

49
Q

What is a form of macro extremism?

A

Functionalism/ structural-functional approach

50
Q

Who was the key player in structural-functional approach?

A

Talcott Parsons

51
Q

What is the central concept of structural-functional approach

A

-Function

52
Q

What new concepts does structural-functional response create?

A

Manifest function
Latent function
Dysfunction

53
Q

What is manifest function and example

A

Recognized and intended consequences, gets you a good job

54
Q

What is latent function and example

A

Unrecognized and unintended consequences, marriage broker

55
Q

What is dysfunction and example

A

Consequences that undermine operation of society as a whole, perpetuated inequality

56
Q

What philosophy did Comte believe in?

A

Positivism

57
Q

What is a durkheiman twist

A

Must explain social facts with other social facts

58
Q

What did Marx say were the two ways to characterize capitalism?

A
  • class system made up of two classes

- set of social institutions

59
Q

What did Weber define as the subject of sociology?

A

Social action

60
Q

What philosophical systems are under macro extremism?

A

Functionalism/structural functional approach and social conflict approach

61
Q

What is social conflict approach

A
  • constraining nature of social influences on actions

- domination-subordination relationships hold society together

62
Q

What is functionalism?

A

-societies have their own needs, goals and interests

SOCI 201 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions