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BMSC 210 > Lecture 9/10: Viruses > Flashcards

Lecture 9/10: Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

what is a virus?

A

genetic element encapsulated in a protein shell

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2
Q

what is a capsid?

A

protein shell

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3
Q

why are viruses not considered living?

A

does not have independent metabolism

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4
Q

T or F: viruses do not need a host to carry out energy & protein synthesis

A

false, they use phages

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5
Q

what is a virion?

A

extracellular form of a virus

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6
Q

what is the structure of a virus?

A
  • contains DNA or RNA
  • has 1 or more fragments
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7
Q

what is a naked virus?

A

has no membrane around it

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8
Q

what symmetry is rod shape?

A

helical

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9
Q

what symmetry is spherical shape?

A

icosahedral

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10
Q

what is the length & width of a helical virus dependent on?

A

length- nucleic acid strand length
width- size & packaging of capsomeres

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11
Q

what is an example of a helical virus?

A

TMV

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12
Q

what is icosahedral symmetry?

A

20 triangular faces + 12 vertices (corners)

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13
Q

what symmetry is the most simple/effective?

A

icosahedral

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14
Q

where does the phospholipid bilayer in envelope viruses come from?

A

the host

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15
Q

what are fibrils?

A

peptidoglycan-like polymer on amoeba viruses

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16
Q

where is the protein found on spike viruses?

17
Q

what is the function of spike proteins?

A

attach & enter host cells

18
Q

what is bacteriophage?

A

lysozome-like enzyme

19
Q

what are RNA viruses?

A

RNA replicase (mRNA->mRNA)

20
Q

what are retroviruses?

A

reverse transcriptase (RNA->DNA)

21
Q

what type of genetic material are viruses missing?

22
Q

why do viruses have fast evoltuion?

A

due to high error rate

23
Q

Species name vs Viral name: Italics/not in italics?

A

species- italics
viral name- not in italics

24
Q

what is the Baltimore classification?

A

classifies viruses by nucleic acid type & replication

25
Q

how many groups does the Baltimore classification have?

26
Q

central dogma of viruses

A

RNA -> Protein
RNA -> DNA

27
Q

what can DNA/RNA strand be used for using the Baltimore classification?

A

template for translation

28
Q

what is the negative strand used for?

A

complementary mRNA sequence

29
Q

can the negative strand in RNA be used as a template for translation?

A

no because it must create a copy

30
Q

Lytic infections

A

new phages are produced

31
Q

Lysogeneic infection

A

viral DNA is replicated

32
Q

Persistent

A

chronic & still infectious

33
Q

Latent infections

A

dorminant & non-infectious

34
Q

what is the 1st step for infection of eukaryotics

35
Q

what are the 7 steps of the baltimore classification?

A
  1. ds DNA
  2. ss DNA
  3. ds RNA
  4. (+) RNA
  5. (-) RNA
  6. reverse RNA
  7. reverse ds DNA

BMSC 210 (16 decks)

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