Lecture 6: Flow of Genetic Information Flashcards
Flow of genetic information
- Replication
- Transcription
- Translation
what 3 kinds of RNA are produced through replication?
rRNA, mRNA, tRNA
how many genes do eukaryotes use for transcription?
1 gene
plasmid
non-essential extrachromosomal genetic element carrying gene
what does DNA gyrase do?
uncoils the DNA
what mechanisms do linear vs circular DNA use?
linear- histones
circular- supercoil
what is the result of replication?
1 old & 1 new strand
what compound does replication use?
dNTP
where does replication occur?
oriC
leading vs lagging strand
leading- continuous
lagging- discontinuous & okazaki fragments
what does the exonuclease do?
removes nucleotides
what does DNA ligase do?
sticks DNA together by resizing
what is the direction of replication?
Bidirectional (opposite directions & meet in middle)
what is the replisome?
large replication complex
what is the error rate of replication?
10^-8 - 10^-11
what does RNA polymerase do?
synthesizes RNA
how many strands are transcribed during during transcription?
1 strand
what does a sigma factor do?
tells enzyme where to bind & start transcription
how many base pairs does TATAAT have?
10
how many base pairs does TTGACA have?
35
Genes are ( ) expressed
constitutively
what does constitutively expressed mean?
gene is always expressed at a basic level at all times
what do effectors do?
change binding affinity by changing conformation of activator proteins
Repressor function
turn off expression
Activator function
turn on expression
what happens when there is no repressor during transcription?
genes are never repressed
what type of RNA is produced through transcription?
mRNA
what does polycistronic mean?
multiple proteins on 1 molecule of mRNA
what does operon mean?
1 promoter that controls multiple genes
what does regulon mean?
many promoters
stem loop function
produces structure that causes polymerase to pause & fall off
what does an inverted loop do?
recruit a protein to stop transcription
