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BMSC 210 > Lecture 6: Flow of Genetic Information > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Flow of Genetic Information Flashcards

1
Q

Flow of genetic information

A
  1. Replication
  2. Transcription
  3. Translation
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2
Q

what 3 kinds of RNA are produced through replication?

A

rRNA, mRNA, tRNA

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3
Q

how many genes do eukaryotes use for transcription?

A

1 gene

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4
Q

plasmid

A

non-essential extrachromosomal genetic element carrying gene

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5
Q

what does DNA gyrase do?

A

uncoils the DNA

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6
Q

what mechanisms do linear vs circular DNA use?

A

linear- histones
circular- supercoil

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7
Q

what is the result of replication?

A

1 old & 1 new strand

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8
Q

what compound does replication use?

A

dNTP

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9
Q

where does replication occur?

A

oriC

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10
Q

leading vs lagging strand

A

leading- continuous
lagging- discontinuous & okazaki fragments

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11
Q

what does the exonuclease do?

A

removes nucleotides

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12
Q

what does DNA ligase do?

A

sticks DNA together by resizing

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13
Q

what is the direction of replication?

A

Bidirectional (opposite directions & meet in middle)

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14
Q

what is the replisome?

A

large replication complex

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15
Q

what is the error rate of replication?

A

10^-8 - 10^-11

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16
Q

what does RNA polymerase do?

A

synthesizes RNA

17
Q

how many strands are transcribed during during transcription?

A

1 strand

18
Q

what does a sigma factor do?

A

tells enzyme where to bind & start transcription

19
Q

how many base pairs does TATAAT have?

A

10

20
Q

how many base pairs does TTGACA have?

A

35

21
Q

Genes are ( ) expressed

A

constitutively

22
Q

what does constitutively expressed mean?

A

gene is always expressed at a basic level at all times

23
Q

what do effectors do?

A

change binding affinity by changing conformation of activator proteins

24
Q

Repressor function

A

turn off expression

25
Q

Activator function

A

turn on expression

26
Q

what happens when there is no repressor during transcription?

A

genes are never repressed

27
Q

what type of RNA is produced through transcription?

A

mRNA

28
Q

what does polycistronic mean?

A

multiple proteins on 1 molecule of mRNA

29
Q

what does operon mean?

A

1 promoter that controls multiple genes

30
Q

what does regulon mean?

A

many promoters

31
Q

stem loop function

A

produces structure that causes polymerase to pause & fall off

32
Q

what does an inverted loop do?

A

recruit a protein to stop transcription

BMSC 210 (16 decks)

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