Lecture 14: Genomics Flashcards
genome
entire complement of genetic information
genomics
discipline of mapping, sequencing, analyzing & comparing genomes
what was the first genome sequenced
RNA virus MS2
sequencing
determining precise order of nucleotides in DNA/RNA sequence
generation
successive major changes in sequencing technology
sanger method is an example of which generation sequencing
1st
which generation sequencing is used in labs?
2nd
sanger method
chain termination
what prevents further extension of DNA in the sanger method
analogs
pyrosequencing
DNA is broken into small fragments & can handle only short stretches of DNA
example of 3rd generation sequencing method
minion
genome assembly
puts fragments in the correct order & eliminates any overlaps
functional ORF
encodes a protein and can be identified by a computer
annotation
converts raw sequence data into genes present in the genome
annotation is ( ) in genomics
bottleneck
bioinformatics
applies technology tools to DNA and protein sequences for comparative purposes
hypothetical proteins
uncharacterized ORFs
noncoding RNA
RNA that does not code for proteins
as genome size increases, gene content ( )
increases
what is the minimum number of genes for a viable cell
250-300
what type of genes are most abundant?
metabolic
number of genes that can be identified in a given genome is
70% or less of total ORFs detected
Archaea devote a ( ) percentage of their genome to energy than bacteria
higher
Archaea contain ( ) genes for carbohydrate metabolism functions than bacteria
fewer
