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MSK: LQ > lecture 8A: anatomy and biomehanics of the foot and ankle > Flashcards

lecture 8A: anatomy and biomehanics of the foot and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

what is the rearfood , midfoot and forefoot made up of

A

rearfoot: talus and calcaneus

midfoot: navicular and cuboid

forefoot : 3 cuneiforms , 5 MT , 14 phalanges

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2
Q

what are the 2 ligaments that ate most likely injured in a lateral ankle sprain

A

anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibualr ligament

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3
Q

what does the subtalar joint line divide

A

talus and calcaneus

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4
Q

at the proximal tibiofubular joint what happens during DF

A

super glide/ ER of fibular

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5
Q

what happens at the distal tibiofubukar joint during ankle DF

A

spreading of the syndesmosis

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6
Q

what kind of joint is the ankle (talocural) joint

A

uniaxial synovial hinge joint

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7
Q

what is the articulation of the ankle (talocrual) joint

A

between convex trochlear of talus and concave distal tibia and fibula (mortise)

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8
Q

where is the talus wider

A

anteriorly and laterally

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9
Q

distally.. what extends more distally and posteriorly

A

fibula

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10
Q

what is the triplanar motions of the talocrural joint

A

pronation and supination

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11
Q

what is the talocrual joint motion during pronation and supination and walking

A

• Pronation: Dorsiflexion (20 deg), abduction & eversion
• Supination: Plantarflexion (50 deg), adduction & inversion
• Walking: Requires 20 deg PF & 10 deg DF

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12
Q

what is teh arthokinatics of the ankle DF when the distal segment (foot) is free (OKC)

A

convex trochlea of talus rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly on convace tibia and fibular

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13
Q

what is the arthrokinamatics of ankle PF in OKC

A

convex trochlea of talus rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly on concave tib/tib

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14
Q

in OKC … the ___ trochlea moves faster and further w conjunct rotation of ___

A

lateral
ER

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15
Q

what is the Arthrokinamatics of ankle DF and PF in CKC

A

DF: concave tib/fib rolls and glides anteriorly on convex talus

PF: concave tib/fib rolls and glides posteriorly on convex talus

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16
Q

with ankle PF what kind of rotation is there at the tibia

A

IR

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17
Q

what is the** resting/open packed position** and closed packed position for the talocrual joint

A
  • Resting/Open Packed Position
    5-10 deg PF
  • Closed Packed Position
    Full DF
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18
Q

what is the capsular pattern from talocural joint

A

greater PF then DF but DF is more important

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19
Q

what is the 3 articulations for teh subtalar joint

A

anterior and middle: between convex talus and concave calcaneus

posteiror: between concave talus and convex calcaneus

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20
Q

what is the open kinetic chain motions of the subtalar joint for pronation and supination and what is the prime mover

A
  • Pronation: Calcaneal eversion (10°) , forefoot dorsiflexion & abduction
  • Supination: Calcaneal inversion (20°) , forefoot adduction & plantarflexion

prime mover is the calcaneus

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21
Q

what is the closed kinetic chain motions of the subtalar joint for pronation and supination

A
  • Pronation: Calcaneal eversion, adduction & plantarflexion of the head of the talus
  • Supination: Calcaneal inversion, abduction & dorsiflexion of the head of talus’

prime mover is the talus

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22
Q

what is the resting postion, closed packed position of the subtalar joint

A
  • Resting position
    Midway between pronation & supination
  • Closed packed position
    Supination
23
Q

what is the capsular pattern of the subtalar joint

A

greater limitation in sup/inversion than pro/eversion

24
Q

what is the talocalcanonavialr joint between

A

between concave navicular and convex talar head

25
what kind of **joint shape** is the **Calcaneocuboid Joint**
saddle shaped joint
26
what is the **resting and closed pack position** of the **midtarsal joints**
* Resting position Midway between pronation & supination * Closed packed position Supination ## Footnote same as subtalar joint
27
what is the **capsular pattern** for the **mid tarsal joint**
DF>PF>adduction>medial rotation (inversion)
28
what makes up the **1st ray**
medial cuneiform and the 1st MT
29
what are the triplanar motions of the **1st ray** for **pronation** and **supination**
* Pronation – Plantarflexion, abduction & eversion * Supination – Dorsiflexion, adduction & inversion
30
what makes up the 5th ray (TMT joint)
5th MT and cuboid
31
what are the triplanar motions of the **5th ray** from **pronation** and **supination**
* Pronation – dorsiflexion, abduction & eversion * Supination – plantarflexion, adduction & inversion same king as 1st ray just switch DF and PF
32
what are the MTP joints between
convex metatarsal head and concave proximal phalanx (proximal end)
33
how much **extension** during **walking** is required at the **1st MTP joint**
65-70°
34
where are the IP joints between
Between convex proximal phalanx (distal end) & concave distal phalanx
35
what are the **3 plantar ligaments**
* Spring lig. * Long plantar lig. * Short plantar lig.
36
where is the **lateral** **band** in the **plantar** **fascia**
from lateral tubercle of calcaneus to abductor digits mining
37
where is the **medial band** int he **plantar fascia**
From medial tubercle to abductor hallucis
38
what band of the plantar fascia • Arises from medial tubercle, divides into five slips just before metatarsal heads, then attach to metatarsal fat pads
central band
39
what is the windless effect
when the foot is flat the plantar aponeurosis is in slack and then it is tight during push off
40
what is in the tarsal tunnel and what side is it on
medial side and flexor retinaculum and posterior tibial nerve (medial and lateral plantar)
41
what nn is in the anterior part of the foot and where is there a common compression site at
• Deep peroneal nerve • Common compression site at extensor retinaculum
42
what **nerve** is **stretched** as a result of i**nversion injury of the ankle** ? and what side is it on
superficial peroneal n and on the lateral side
43
what makes up the **medial longitudinal arch**
Calcaneus, talus, navicular, medial cuneiform & 1st – 3rd metatarsals
44
what makes up the Lateral longitudinal arch
Cuboid & 2 lateral metatarsals
45
what makes up the Transverse arch
• Metatarsal heads • Cuboid, 3 cuneiform & metatarsals
46
what is the **ideal foot alignment**
the bisector of the calcaneus is in line with the bisector of the lower 1/3 of the leg
47
when does the normal foot alignment occur
when the subtalar joint and the foot are in neutral position and the midtardasl joint is fully licked between mid stance and heel off
48
when during the **gait cycle** is the **subtalar joint** a **loose** adaptor , **shock** absorber and **rigid** lever
loose: swing limb advancement (sup to pro to sup) shock: weight acceptance (pronation) rigid: mid stance to toe off and into pre swing (supination )
49
when during the gait cycle is the subtalar joint the torque converter
• Pre-swing to initial swing (sup to pro) • Initial contact to loading response (sup to pro) • Mid-stance (pro to sup
50
how is the foot positioned for pes planus and pes cavus
pro sup
51
what kind of shoe is for a neutral or supinator, curved last
neural shoe
52
what kind of shoe is **stability shoe**
pronation , straighter last
53
what kind of shoe is stability shoe
pronation , straighter last

MSK: LQ (22 decks)

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