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MSK: LQ > lecture 8A: anatomy and biomehanics of the foot and ankle > Flashcards

lecture 8A: anatomy and biomehanics of the foot and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

what is the rearfood , midfoot and forefoot made up of

A

rearfoot: talus and calcaneus

midfoot: navicular and cuboid

forefoot : 3 cuneiforms , 5 MT , 14 phalanges

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2
Q

what are the 2 ligaments that ate most likely injured in a lateral ankle sprain

A

anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibualr ligament

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3
Q

what does the subtalar joint line divide

A

talus and calcaneus

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4
Q

at the proximal tibiofubular joint what happens during DF

A

super glide/ ER of fibular

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5
Q

what happens at the distal tibiofubukar joint during ankle DF

A

spreading of the syndesmosis

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6
Q

what kind of joint is the ankle (talocural) joint

A

uniaxial synovial hinge joint

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7
Q

what is the articulation of the ankle (talocrual) joint

A

between convex trochlear of talus and concave distal tibia and fibula (mortise)

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8
Q

where is the talus wider

A

anteriorly and laterally

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9
Q

distally.. what extends more distally and posteriorly

A

fibula

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10
Q

what is the triplanar motions of the talocrural joint

A

pronation and supination

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11
Q

what is the talocrual joint motion during pronation and supination and walking

A

• Pronation: Dorsiflexion (20 deg), abduction & eversion
• Supination: Plantarflexion (50 deg), adduction & inversion
• Walking: Requires 20 deg PF & 10 deg DF

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12
Q

what is teh arthokinatics of the ankle DF when the distal segment (foot) is free (OKC)

A

convex trochlea of talus rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly on convace tibia and fibular

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13
Q

what is the arthrokinamatics of ankle PF in OKC

A

convex trochlea of talus rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly on concave tib/tib

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14
Q

in OKC … the ___ trochlea moves faster and further w conjunct rotation of ___

A

lateral
ER

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15
Q

what is the Arthrokinamatics of ankle DF and PF in CKC

A

DF: concave tib/fib rolls and glides anteriorly on convex talus

PF: concave tib/fib rolls and glides posteriorly on convex talus

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16
Q

with ankle PF what kind of rotation is there at the tibia

A

IR

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17
Q

what is the** resting/open packed position** and closed packed position for the talocrual joint

A
  • Resting/Open Packed Position
    5-10 deg PF
  • Closed Packed Position
    Full DF
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18
Q

what is the capsular pattern from talocural joint

A

greater PF then DF but DF is more important

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19
Q

what is the 3 articulations for teh subtalar joint

A

anterior and middle: between convex talus and concave calcaneus

posteiror: between concave talus and convex calcaneus

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20
Q

what is the open kinetic chain motions of the subtalar joint for pronation and supination and what is the prime mover

A
  • Pronation: Calcaneal eversion (10°) , forefoot dorsiflexion & abduction
  • Supination: Calcaneal inversion (20°) , forefoot adduction & plantarflexion

prime mover is the calcaneus

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21
Q

what is the closed kinetic chain motions of the subtalar joint for pronation and supination

A
  • Pronation: Calcaneal eversion, adduction & plantarflexion of the head of the talus
  • Supination: Calcaneal inversion, abduction & dorsiflexion of the head of talus’

prime mover is the talus

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22
Q

what is the resting postion, closed packed position of the subtalar joint

A
  • Resting position
    Midway between pronation & supination
  • Closed packed position
    Supination
23
Q

what is the capsular pattern of the subtalar joint

A

greater limitation in sup/inversion than pro/eversion

24
Q

what is the talocalcanonavialr joint between

A

between concave navicular and convex talar head

25
Q

what kind of joint shape is the Calcaneocuboid Joint

A

saddle shaped joint

26
Q

what is the resting and closed pack position of the midtarsal joints

A
  • Resting position
    Midway between pronation & supination
  • Closed packed position
    Supination

same as subtalar joint

27
Q

what is the capsular pattern for the mid tarsal joint

A

DF>PF>adduction>medial rotation (inversion)

28
Q

what makes up the 1st ray

A

medial cuneiform and the 1st MT

29
Q

what are the triplanar motions of the 1st ray for pronation and supination

A
  • Pronation – Plantarflexion, abduction & eversion
  • Supination – Dorsiflexion, adduction & inversion
30
Q

what makes up the 5th ray (TMT joint)

A

5th MT and cuboid

31
Q

what are the triplanar motions of the 5th ray from pronation and supination

A
  • Pronation – dorsiflexion, abduction & eversion
  • Supination – plantarflexion, adduction & inversion

same king as 1st ray just switch DF and PF

32
Q

what are the MTP joints between

A

convex metatarsal head and concave proximal phalanx (proximal end)

33
Q

how much extension during walking is required at the 1st MTP joint

A

65-70°

34
Q

where are the IP joints between

A

Between convex proximal phalanx (distal end) & concave distal phalanx

35
Q

what are the 3 plantar ligaments

A
  • Spring lig.
  • Long plantar lig.
  • Short plantar lig.
36
Q

where is the lateral band in the plantar fascia

A

from lateral tubercle of calcaneus to abductor digits mining

37
Q

where is the medial band int he plantar fascia

A

From medial tubercle to
abductor hallucis

38
Q

what band of the plantar fascia • Arises from medial tubercle, divides into five slips just before metatarsal heads, then attach to metatarsal fat pads

A

central band

39
Q

what is the windless effect

A

when the foot is flat the plantar aponeurosis is in slack and then it is tight during push off

40
Q

what is in the tarsal tunnel and what side is it on

A

medial side and flexor retinaculum and posterior tibial nerve (medial and lateral plantar)

41
Q

what nn is in the anterior part of the foot and where is there a common compression site at

A

• Deep peroneal nerve
• Common compression
site at extensor
retinaculum

42
Q

what nerve is stretched as a result of inversion injury of the ankle ? and what side is it on

A

superficial peroneal n and on the lateral side

43
Q

what makes up the medial longitudinal arch

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, medial cuneiform & 1st – 3rd metatarsals

44
Q

what makes up the Lateral longitudinal arch

A

Cuboid & 2 lateral metatarsals

45
Q

what makes up the Transverse arch

A

• Metatarsal heads
• Cuboid, 3 cuneiform & metatarsals

46
Q

what is the ideal foot alignment

A

the bisector of the calcaneus is in line with
the bisector of the lower 1/3 of the leg

47
Q

when does the normal foot alignment occur

A

when the subtalar joint and the foot are in neutral position and the midtardasl joint is fully licked

between mid stance and heel off

48
Q

when during the gait cycle is the subtalar joint a loose adaptor , shock absorber and rigid lever

A

loose: swing limb advancement (sup to pro to sup)

shock: weight acceptance (pronation)

rigid: mid stance to toe off and into pre swing (supination )

49
Q

when during the gait cycle is the subtalar joint the torque converter

A

• Pre-swing to initial swing (sup to pro)
• Initial contact to loading response (sup to pro)
• Mid-stance (pro to sup

50
Q

how is the foot positioned for pes planus and pes cavus

A

pro
sup

51
Q

what kind of shoe is for a neutral or
supinator, curved last

A

neural shoe

52
Q

what kind of shoe is stability shoe

A

pronation , straighter last

53
Q

what kind of shoe is stability shoe

A

pronation , straighter last

MSK: LQ (22 decks)

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