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anatomy lecture exam 2 > LECTURE 8 upper respiratory tract > Flashcards

LECTURE 8 upper respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

components of upper respiratory tract

A

nose, external nares, vestibule, nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx

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2
Q

description of nose

A

only portion of respiratory tract externally visible; made of connective tissue, bone, hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

description of external nares

A

nostrils, openings for air to enter and exit the vestibule, face inferiorly (important for function)

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4
Q

function of nose

A

to keep bad things (dirt, dust, debris) from entering nasal cavity

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5
Q

description of vestibule

A

superior to nostrils, entranceway into nasal cavity, lined with skin (not wet mucosa)

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6
Q

components of skin of vestibule

A

sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hairs and vibrissae

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7
Q

functions of sebaceous glands of skin of vestibule

A

greasy secretion, collect dirt, lubricate, kill bacteria

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8
Q

functions of sweat glands of skin of vestibule

A

acidic, slows growth of bacteria

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9
Q

functions of hairs and vibrissae of skin of vestibule

A

physical filter, trap small particles of dirt, filter larger particles (insects, etc.)

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10
Q

functions of nasal cavity

A

provides airway for respiration, moistens and warms air, filters inhaled air, resonating chamber for speech, houses olfactory receptors

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11
Q

special features of nasal cavity

A

nasal septum and internal nares (choanae)

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12
Q

description of nasal septum of nasal cavity

A

divides cavity into right and left halves; formed from: vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone (suture), hyaline cartilage; covered with mucosa

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13
Q

description of internal nares of nasal cavity

A

aka choanae, 2 total, connect each half of nasal cavity with nasopharynx

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14
Q

roof of nasal cavity

A

ethmoid bone (cribform plate)

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15
Q

floor of nasal cavity

A

hard palate (also roof of oral cavity): maxillae bones (palatine process), palatine bones (horizontal plate); soft palate: skeletal muscle extending posteriorly, ends in uvula

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16
Q

lateral walls of nasal cavity

A

nasal bones, ethmoid bones (superior and middle nasal conchae), inferior nasal conchae, maxillae, palatine bones

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17
Q

posterior boundry of nasal cavity

A

nasopharynx

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18
Q

components of lining of nasal cavity

A

respiratory mucosa, olfactory mucosa

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19
Q

description of respiratory mucosa of nasal cavity

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (goblet cells - mucus secretion), lamina propria (mucus and serous cells), venous plexus (to filter and warm inhaled air), highly innervated (sneezing)

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20
Q

description of olfactory mucosa of nasal cavity

A

located at roof of nasal cavity, houses smell receptors, no goblet cells (no mucus secretion), cilia modified for olfaction

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21
Q

description of nasal conchae of nasal cavity

A

project medially from each lateral wall, made of bone, covered by same mucosa as rest of respiratory tract

22
Q

3 pairs of nasal conchae

A

superior (ethmoid bone), middle (ethmoid bone), inferior (its own bone)

23
Q

functions of nasal conchae of nasal cavity

A

create turbulence of air to increase: filtration, heating and moistening during inhalation; reclaim heat and moisture during exhalation; forces air to touch walls and mucosa; increase surface area (of mucosa)

24
Q

description of paranasal sinuses of skull

A

air filled spaces within a skull bone, surround and are connected to nasal cavity, no olfactory receptors, lined by respiratory mucosa

25
Q

paranasal sinuses of skull

A

frontal, maxillae, ethmoid, sphenoid

26
Q

functions of paranasal sinuses of skull

A

perform same function as nasal cavity and lighten the skull

27
Q

description of pharynx

A

connects the nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus, common passage for food and air, contains skeletal muscle (pharyngeal constrictors for voluntary swallowing), lined with mucosa, innervated by vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

28
Q

divisions of pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

29
Q

description of tonsils of pharynx

A

lymphoid organ (MALT: mucosa associated lymphoid tissue), form a ring around the entrance to pharynx

30
Q

functions of tonsils of pharynx

A

remove pathogens, process antigens, set up immune response (minor role)

31
Q

groups of tonsils of pharynx

A

palatine, lingual, pharyngeal (adenoids: inflamed pharyngeal tonsil), tubal

32
Q

description of nasopharynx of pharynx

A

only an air passageway, ciliated pseudostratified epithelium, closed off during swallowing by soft palate and uvula, most superior level of pharynx

33
Q

location of nasopharynx of pharynx

A

posterior to nasal cavity, interior to sphenoid bone, superior to level of soft palate

34
Q

contents of nasopharynx of pharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), tubal tonsils

35
Q

description of oropharynx of phaynx

A

passageway for food and air, stratified squamous epithelium, middle level of pharynx

36
Q

location of oropharynx of phaynx

A

posterior to oral cavity, inferior to level of soft palate, superior to level of epiglottis

37
Q

contents of oropharynx of pharynx

A

palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils

38
Q

description of laryngopharynx of pharynx

A

passageway for food and air (moves air to larynx, forces food to esophagus if epiglottis has close laryngeal inlet), stratified squamous epithelium, most inferior level of pharynx

39
Q

location of laryngopharynx of pharynx

A

posterior to larynx, continuous with esophagus and larynx

40
Q

contents of laryngopharynx of pharynx

A

contains no tonsils

41
Q

description of larynx

A

part of lower respiratory tract, extends from C4-C6, lined with mucosa, superior part lined with stratified squamous epithelium (consistent with laryngopharynx), inferior part lined with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium, innervated by vagus nerve, made of mostly hyaline cartilge, has lumen for air, contains vocal cords

42
Q

attachments of larynx

A

hyoid bone superiorly, continuous with trachea inferiorly

43
Q

functions of larynx

A

vocalization (“voice box”), provides open airway, puts food into esophagus and keeps it out of respiratory tract

44
Q

description of cartilages of larynx

A

9 cartilages, all hyaline cartilage except epiglottis (elastic cartilage), cartilages connected to each other by membranes and ligaments

45
Q

cartilages of larynx

A

thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, 2 arytenoid, 2 corniculate, 2 cuneiform

46
Q

description of epiglottis of larynx

A

projects superiorly from anterior wall of laryngeal inlet to level of base of tongue, elastic cartilage, closes off laryngeal inlet during swallowing, sometimes has tastebuds

47
Q

description of thyroid cartilage of larynx

A

largest cartilage of larynx, shield shaped, formed by 2 plates (fused midline), laryngeal prominence (adam’s apple), sexually dismorphic (larger in males)

48
Q

description of cricoid cartilage of larynx

A

inferior to thyroid cartilage of larynx, superior to trachea, forms a complete ring

49
Q

description of vocal cords

A

located in larynx, connect to arytenoid and thyroid cartilages, thickening of mucosa, mucosal folds formed by vocal ligaments, composed of elastic fibers

50
Q

function of vocal cords

A

vibrate as air passes over them during exhalation: force of air = volume, length and tension of folds = pitch, muscles move cords to produce sound

51
Q

description of false vocal cords

A

vestibular folds, superior to true vocal cords, no role in voice production, more protective role

anatomy lecture exam 2 (12 decks)

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