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anatomy lecture exam 2 > LECTURE 7 brain > Flashcards

LECTURE 7 brain Flashcards

1
Q

description of the brain

A

part of CNS, contained in cranial cavity, made of nervous tissue

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2
Q

components of nervous tissue of brain

A

gray matter surrounded by white matter with outer cortex of gray matter

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3
Q

4 parts of brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

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4
Q

3 parts of brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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5
Q

what are meninges of brain made of?

A

made of connective tissue

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6
Q

functions of meninges of brain

A

cover and protect CNS; enclose, protect blood vessels supplying CNS; contain CSF

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7
Q

3 layers of meninges of brain

A

dura mater (superficial), arachnoid mater (middle), pia mater (deep)

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8
Q

description of dura mater of meninges of brain

A

strongest, fibrous connective tissue; bilayered; layers fused except around dural sinuses

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9
Q

2 layers of dura mater of meninges of brain

A

periosteal layer (periosteum), meningeal layer

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10
Q

description of periosteal layer of dura mater of meninges of brain

A

external/superficial layer, fused to cranial bones

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11
Q

description of meningeal layer of dura mater of meninges of brain

A

internal/deep layer, up against arachnoid mater

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12
Q

definition of extensions of dura mater of meninges of brain

A

partitions: limit movement of brain

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13
Q

falx cerebri

A

extension of dura mater of meninges of brain: vertical, between cerebral hemispheres

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14
Q

falx cerebelli

A

extension of dura mater of meninges of brain: vertical, between cerebellar hemispheres

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15
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

extension of dura mater of meninges of brain: horizontal, between cerebrum and cerebellum

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16
Q

description of arachnoid mater of meninges of brain

A

middle layer, contains subarachnoid space and arachnoid villi

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17
Q

description of subarachnoid space of arachnoid mater of meninges of brain

A

between arachnoid mater and pia mater, created from arachnoid rootlets, contains most of CSF, blood vessels

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18
Q

description of arachnoid villi of arachnoid mater of meninges of brain

A

also called granulations, projections of arachnoid mater through dura mater into superior sagittal sinus, act as valves to help CSF pass into dural sinuses (don’t exist in arachnoid mater of meninges of spinal cord)

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19
Q

description of pia mater of meninges of brain

A

innermost layer, delicate and highly vascularized, clings directly to brain tissue and dips into sulci

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20
Q

descriptions of ventricles of brain

A

expansions of brain’s central cavity, lined with ependymal cells (neuroglial cells), filled with CSF (CSF created in the ventricles)

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21
Q

ventricles of the brain are continuous with:

A

each other, central canal of spinal cord, subarachnoid space

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22
Q

4 ventricles of brain

A

2 lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle

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23
Q

description of 2 lateral ventricles of brain

A

within cerebral hemispheres, separated by septum pellucidum (thin wall of gray matter), symmetrical to each other on either hemisphere (R&L)

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24
Q

description of third ventricle of brain

A

within diencephalon

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25
Q

description of interventricular foramen of brain

A

connects third and lateral ventricles of brain

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26
Q

description of fourth ventricle of brain

A

within hindbrain (between brainstem and cerebellum), connects to central canal of spinal cord

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27
Q

description of cerebral aqueduct of brain

A

connects third and fourth ventricles of brain

28
Q

3 openings that connect fourth ventricle of brain to subarachnoid space

A

2 lateral apertures, 1 median aperture

29
Q

description of cerebrospinal fluid

A

forms as a filtrate of blood in choroid plexuses of ventricles (group of capillaries surrounded by ependymal cells within ventricles), 1/2 cup circulating at one time, “floating the brain”

30
Q

cerebrospinal fluid contains:

A

sodium, chloride ions, proteins, glucose, oxygen

31
Q

functions of cerebrospinal fluid

A

liquid cushion for brain and spinal cord, nourishes brain, removes waste, conducts chemical signals between parts of CNS (eg: hormones)

32
Q

flow of cerebrospinal fluid

A

formed in choroid plexuses of each ventricle, moves through ventricles, into subarachnoid space and central canal from fourth ventricle, through arachnoid villi into superior sagittal sinus, into internal jugular vein

33
Q

description of blood brain barrier

A

endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) of brain capillaries are loaded with tight junction to decrease permiability (not completely impermeable, some things still have to get through, like fat-soluble molecules)

34
Q

function of blood brain barrier

A

protects brain from blood-born toxins (eg: urea, food toxins, bacteria–all metabolic waste)

35
Q

description of cortex of brain

A

external sheets of gray matter in cerebrum and cerebellum

36
Q

description of nuclei of brain

A

deep masses of gray matter surrounded by white matter (aka basal gangliae)

37
Q

description of cerebrum of brain

A

“executive suite” of nervous system, largest portion of brain (83%), most superior region of brain, contains cerebral cortex with many sulci forming gyri, contains fissures

38
Q

functions of cerebrum of brain

A

self awareness, initiates and controls voluntary movements, communication, memory, understanding, language, emotion

39
Q

description of sulci of cerebral cortex of brain

A

shallow grooves on surface of brain

40
Q

description of gyri of cerebral cortex of brain

A

ridges on brain tissue formed by the sulci

41
Q

2 fissures of cerebrum of brain

A

transverse cerebral fissure, longitudinal fissure

42
Q

description of transverse cerebral fissure of cerebrum of brain

A

separates cerebral hemispheres from cerebellum

43
Q

description of longitudinal fissure of cerebrum of brain

A

separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

44
Q

description of cerebral hemispheres of cerebrum of brain

A

2 hemispheres control opposite sides of body, corpus callosum is largest commissure between the hemispheres, each hemisphere has 5 lobes

45
Q

5 lobes of each hemisphere of cerebrum of brain

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula

46
Q

function of frontal lobe of cerebrum of brain

A

motor and premotor

47
Q

function of parietal lobe of cerebrum of brain

A

somatosensory

48
Q

function of occipital lobe of cerebrum of brain

A

primary visual area

49
Q

function of temporal lobe of cerebrum of brain

A

primary auditory area

50
Q

function of insula lobe of cerebrum of brain

A

integration of information from other 4 lobes

51
Q

function of left hemisphere of cerebrum of brain

A

language, mathematics, logic

52
Q

function of right hemisphere of cerebrum of brain

A

visual-spacial, interpreting facial expressions, intuition, emotion, artistic/musical skills

53
Q

description of diencephalon of brain

A

surrounded by cerebral hemispheres, made of 3 paired structures: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalimus

54
Q

description of thalamus of diencephalon of brain

A

“gateway”, communicates sensory information of cerebral cortex

55
Q

description of hypothalamus of diencephalon of brain

A

regulates many body activities, emotion, sleep, memory, contains pituitary gland (endocrine, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone)

56
Q

description of epithalamus of diencephalon of brain

A

much smaller than thalamus and hypothalamus, contains pineal gland (endocrine, melatonin)

57
Q

function of brainstem of brain

A

passage of all signals between spinal cord and brain

58
Q

components of brainstem of brain

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

59
Q

description of midbrain of brainstem of brain

A

most cranial, visual and auditory reflex center, attachment for CN III, IV

60
Q

description of pons of brainstem of brain

A

middle portion of brainstem, attachment for CN V, VI, VII, VIII

61
Q

description of medulla oblongata of brainstem of brain

A

most caudal, regulates several basic physiological functions, attachment of CN IX, X, XI, XII

62
Q

description of cerebellum of brain

A

divided into hemispheres (each made of 3 lobes), cerebellar cortex surrounds white matter (arbor vitae)

63
Q

functions of cerebellum of brain

A

smooth and coordinate body movements using information on equilibrium and voluntary movement of neck, trunk, and limbs; helps learn new motor skills

64
Q

arteries of the brain

A

external carotid arteries and branches, internal carotid arteries and branches, vertebral arteries

65
Q

veins of the brain

A

dural sinuses, internal jugular vein, external jugular vein, vertebral vein

anatomy lecture exam 2 (12 decks)

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