Lecture 8: Social Factors In Medicine Flashcards
What are values?
(1) Values are beliefs linked inextricably to affect
(2) Values refer to desirable goals that motivate action
(3) Values transcend specific actions and situations
(4) Values serve as standards or criteria
(5) Values are ordered by importance
(6) The relative importance of multiple values guides action
What is the goal of Self-direction?
Defining goal: independent thought and action – choosing, creating, exploring
What is the goal of Stimulation ?
Defining goals: excitement, novelty, and challenge in life
a varied life, an exciting life, daring
What is the goal of Hedonism?
Defining goal: pleasure or sensuous gratification for oneself
(pleasure, enjoying life, self-indulgent)
What is the goal of Achievements ?
Defining goal: personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards
(ambitious, successful, capable, influential) {intelligent, self-respect, social recognition}
What is the goal of Power?
Defining goal: social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources.
(authority, wealth, social power)
What is the goal of Security?
Defining goal: safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self.
(social order, family, security, national security, clean, reciprocation of favours; {healthy, moderate, sense of belonging}
What is the goal of conformity?
Defining goal: restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms
(obedient, self-discipline, politeness, honouring parents and elders) {loyal, responsible}
What is the goal of tradition?
Defining goal: respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that one’s culture or religion provides
(respect for tradition, humble, devout, accepting my portion in life) {moderate, spiritual}
What is the goal of Benevolence?
Defining goal: preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in frequent personal contact (the ‘in-group’)
(helpful, honest, forgiving, responsible, loyal, true friendship, mature love) {sense of belonging, meaning in life, a spiritual life)
What is the goal of universalism?
Defining goal: understanding, appreciating, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature. (broadminded, social justice, equality, world at peace, world of beauty, unity with nature, wisdom, protecting the environment) – {inner harmony, a spiritual life}
What are the Schwartz Basuc values?
Self-direction Stimulation Hedonism Achievement Power Security Conformity Tradition Benevolence Universalism
What influences your perception based on your values and beliefs?
● the culture in which you live;
● what your parents taught you;
● what you learnt at school; and
● what society said was right and wrong when you were growing up
Where do values important?
Values play an important role in influencing our decisions & guiding our actions
● Therefore our values serve as important moral motives
What is a motive?
➢ A motive is a reason for doing something
As health care professionals you will learn ‘professional values’
We therefore have value systems composed of personal and professional values
As part of personal professional development (PDP), we should aim to identify and examine our personal values
This cognitive and reflective process is termed ?
Values clarification
You must not express your personal beliefs (political, religious and moral beliefs) to patients in ways that exploit their vulnerability or are likely to cause them distress
True or false?
True
Why is medical sociology an important area of study for healthcare?
(a) It is the result of a merger between medicine and sociometry
(b) It presents a departure from the theory-heavy discipline of general sociology
(c) It promotes the role biology plays in social life
(d) It promotes the role of diversity in social life
(e) It recognises the role that social factors play in determining or influencing health
E
Population surveys have shown that common gastrointestinal symptoms such as rectal bleeding and irritable bowel syndrome are present in 15-40% of the general population. However, only a quarter to a third of these people seek medical advice. How is this unreported illness best described?
(a) A failure of health education
(b) A failure of population screening
(c) A medicalised social problem
(d) A feeling of embarrassment
(e) An illness iceberg
E
According to Parson’s sick-role model, how are doctors’ obligations best described?
(a) To be altruistic and dedicated
(b) To be technically competent and affectively neutral
(c) To diagnose and treat patients
(d) To examine the sick person’s body and to be independent self-regulating professionals
(e) To have access to hidden knowledge and professional identity
B
What is an Illness Icerberg?
It describes a situation in which a large percentage of a problem is subclinical, unreported or hidden from view.
The tip of the iceberg is apparent to the epidemiologist
In the USA 38% of women reported hot flushes and sweats as a symptom of menopause while in Japan only 15% of women reported these. How did Margaret Lock (2001) best explain this phenomenon?
(a) Local biologies
(b) Mind-body dualism
(c) More treatment options available for women
(d) The influence of diet on physiology
(e) Typical variation in symptoms
A
According to Parson’s sick-role model, what best describes patients’ obligations?
(a) Not to be held responsible for their illness and to try and get well
(b) To be exempt from normal social responsibilities and to rest until they are well
(c) To seek advice from friends and family and to rest until they are well
(d) To seek medical advice and try to get well
(e) To take the medicine the doctor prescribes and to try and get well
D
What can moral values best be described as, based on the important role they play in influencing our decisions and guiding our actions?
(a) Ethical beliefs
(b) Guidance to morality
(c) Moral actions and omissions
(d) Moral beliefs
(e) Moral motives
E
