Lecture 6: Motivation & Health Flashcards
What is motivation?
the state in which an organism experiences and inducement or incentive to do something
What is a a motive?
a hypothetical state within an organism that propels the organism toward a goal
What are Needs?
Need refers to a higher-level driver that motivates an individual.
What are the psychological needs to survive?
Need to: Oxygen Food Drink Pain avoidance Proper temperature Elimination of waste products
What are other psychological need apart form survival ends?
Reds for: Achievement Power Self-esteem Social approval Belonging
Psychological needs are not necessarily based on states of deprivation.
True or false
True
What is Drive?
Drive refers to a physiological need that is shifting people away from homeostasis.
● Drives can include lack of food, water, sleep or heat.
● Drives often work through the process of negative feedback to re-establish homeostasis.
What is an incentive?
An incentive is an object, a person, or a situation that can satisfy a need or is desirable for its own sake.
What is the motivational cycle?
NEED affects DRUVE affects INCENTIVE affects GOAL affects NEED
What does the Instinct theory state?
Behaviours are innate (not learned) and are present within species
They represents the contribution of genetic information, which predisposes species to particular behaviours.
Examples include sucking behaviors, babies holding their breath when in water
What does the Drive Reduction theory state?
● A physiological need creates an aroused state that drives a behavioural change to satisfy the need.
● The greater the physiological need, the greater the physiological drive.
What does the Incentive Theory state?
Incentives are external stimuli objects and events that help induce or discourage certain behaviours.
●Positive incentives support the behaviour (i.e. reward), while negative incentives detract.
●(Vs. Drive theory) Incentive theory uses positive reinforcement, whereas drive theory uses negative reinforcement.
What does the arousal theory state?
Arousal theory examines the influence of the neurotransmitter dopamine as a motivator in the body.
Arousal theory proposes that motivation is strongly linked to biological factors that control reward sensitivity and goal-driven behaviour.
when arousal is very high or very low, performance tends to suffer.
Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal
Explain Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, higher levels of needs can only be pursued when the lower levels are fulfilled.
What are the 3 sub processes of Motivation?
Generation of motivation
Maintainance of motivation
Regulation of motivation
