Lecture 8 Slides

Question 1

What is sensory memory?

Answer 1

low level processing, prior to consciousness

Question 2

What are the two types of sensory memory?

Answer 2

iconic memory and echoic memory

Question 3

What is working memory?

Answer 3

maintains accessibility of information for short periods of time, active state
- 15-30 seconds

Question 4

What is chunking?

Answer 4

combining units of information to be one “unit” of info

Question 5

How can working memory info get lost?

Answer 5

• interference
• decay

Question 6

What is interference and decay?

Answer 6

interference: new info displaces old info
decay: if not rehearsed, naturally disappears

Question 7

What is long term memory?

Answer 7

can be stored for infinite amount of time

Question 8

What is consolidation?

Answer 8

memory moves from temporary long term to more permanent long term

Question 9

What is recall/retrieval?

Answer 9

generate the target memory only based on cues

Question 10

What is recognition?

Answer 10

identify the memory from presented items

Question 11

What is rehearsal?

Answer 11

actively maintaining info in the working memory by repeating or elaborating it

Question 12

What is encoding?

Answer 12

info is encountered and then learned

Question 13

How can memory be improved?

Answer 13

• learning efficiency enhanced
• effortful work/active process
• tactics depend on tasks
• external cues

Question 14

Spacing effect?

Answer 14

memory strengthens when learning sessions are more spaced out over time

Question 15

What is the serial position curve?

Answer 15

items from the beginning and ending of a list are remembered better

Question 16

Why are you better at remembering the first items in a list? (primacy effect)

Answer 16

from incoding into LTM

Question 17

Why are you better at remembering the last items in a list? (recency effect)

Answer 17

from maintenance in working memory

Question 18

what is semantic memory?

Answer 18

knowledge of the world, does not have to be personal (fun fact vibes)

Question 19

What is episodic memory?

Answer 19

memories containing personal experiences and events

Question 20

What is the self-reference effect?

Answer 20

new info connected to personally relevant info about oneself is encoded strongly

Question 21

What is survival processing?

Answer 21

processing info strongly that is related to surviving in the wild

Question 22

What is the generation effect?

Answer 22

information is encoded strongly when we generate associations on our own instead of just reading them

Question 23

enactment effect

Answer 23

performed tasks are remembered better

Question 24

What is organization (in relation to memory)

Answer 24

using a meaningful structure to organize information

Question 25

What is encoding specificity?

Answer 25

memory enhanced when conditions at retrieval match conditions that you are encoding (e.g. studying in the room that the exam takes place)

Question 26

What is state-dependent memory?

Answer 26

encoding specificity according to drug or mood states

Question 26

What is a false memory?

Answer 26

memories people recount that do not represent events as they actually happened

Question 26

What is bizarre imagery?

Answer 26

creating strange mental images based on to-be-learned information

Question 27

What is suggestibility?

Answer 27

the tendency to incorporate information into memories from sources outside of the actual event

Question 28

What is source monitoring decision?

Answer 28

determining where your memory is from (yourself, or your parent e.g.)

Question 29

What is reality monitoring?

Answer 29

source monitoring between real and imagined events - implications for childhood abuse and eyewitness memory

Question 30

What is the misinformation effect?

Answer 30

false memories created by post-event information