Chapter 5 lecture slides Flashcards
Characteristics of sensorimotor stage
- experience world through movement/senses
- no object permanence
Characteristics of preoperational stage
- egocentrism
- theory of mind
- learn conservation
- language and symbols
Characteristics of concrete operational stage
- can think logically about concrete events
- can do math and understand conversations
What is affective social competence
the ability to send
emotional messages to others and read others’
emotional signals
What is stranger anxiety and when does it appear
- 8 months, right after object permanence
- baby is anxious when separated from caregivers
critical period vs. imprinting
- humans emotionally attach to their caregivers
- animals attach to the first thing around them that moves
Stats of each attachment style in population
secure- 60%
avoidant- 20%
anxious- 15%
disorganized- 5%
Erik Erikson believed that securely attached children approach life with a sense of
basic trust
what are the four stages of self-image development?
0-6m: recognize face in a mirror
15-18m: schemas of how the face should look
school age: concepts of gender, group membership, psychological traits, peer comparisons
8-10 yrs: self image is stable
what structural change in the brain allows for better impulse control as teens age?
myelin growth
when does preconventional morality occur? What is it?
before age 9; Self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete
rewards
When does conventional morality occur? What is it?
early adolescence; Uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order.
When does postconventional morality occur? What is it?
adolescence and beyond; Actions reflect belief in basic rights
and self-defined ethical principles
What did Haidt and Greene say about morality?
Haidt: moral intuitions happen automatically
Greene: moral intuitions can be overridden
What is fluid intelligence?
information processing abilities, such as logical reasoning, remembering lists, spatial ability, and reaction time.
What is crystallized intelligence?
abilities that draw upon experience and knowledge, (such as vocabulary tests, solving number problems, and understanding texts)
What are Erik Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development?
- infancy: trust vs. mistrust
- toddler: autonomy vs. shame/doubt
- preschool: initiative vs. guilt
- elementary school: competence vs. inferiority
- adolescence: identity vs. role confusion
- early adulthood: intimacy vs. isolation
- mid-adulthood: generativity vs. stagnation
- late adulthood: integrity vs. dispair
what is trust vs. mistrust
if infants are cared for they develop a basic sense of trust
what is autonomy vs. shame/doubt
toddlers learn to do things for themselves or else they doubt their abilities
what is initiative vs. guilt
preschoolers initiate tasks and plans, or else they feel guilty about not trying to be independent
What is competence vs. inferiority
school aged children enjoy applying themselves to tasks or else they feel inferior
