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HUBS191 2022 > lecture 8 - skeletal muscle > Flashcards

lecture 8 - skeletal muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cells that make up muscles?

A

Muscle fibres

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2
Q

What are the three levels of muscle structures?

A

Muscle fibres, fascicles, muscle

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3
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

A bundle of muscle fibres, surrounded by a layer of perimysium connective tissue.

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4
Q

Why do muscle fibres have lots of nuclei?

A

When muscle is developing, proto cells / pre cells fuse together together to form the final muscle fibres.

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5
Q

Why do muscle fibres and fascicles have a blood supply?

A

The blood supply provides nutrients and fuel to the muscles and removes waste.

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6
Q

Why are fascicles coated in connective tissue?

A

To prevent friction during contraction.

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7
Q

What are the components of a muscle fibre?

A

Made up of myofibrils made up of repeating units called sarcomeres

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8
Q

What are the repeating units in muscle fibres?

A

Sarcomeres

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9
Q

What are the myofilaments found in a sarcomere?

A

Actin and Myosin.

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10
Q

Which myofilament is thin and which is thick?

A

Actin is thin, Myosin is thick

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11
Q

What are transverse tubules (T-tubules)?

A

Tube-like extensions of the sarcolemma that extend deep into the muscle fibres.

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12
Q

What is the outer membrane of a muscle fibre?

A

Sarcolemma

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13
Q

What is the membrane bound network of a muscle fibre?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

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14
Q

What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Takes up and stores Ca2+ ions while the muscle is relaxed and then release them into the cytoplasm when the muscle contracts.

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15
Q

What is the full name of EC-coupling?

A

Excitation-contraction coupling

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16
Q

What are the three key proteins of EC-coupling?

A

Voltage-gated sensor (DHPR), ryanodine receptor (RyR), SR Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA)

17
Q

What is the voltage-gated sensor (DHPR)?

A

Sits in the transverse tubule and receives electrical signals/action potentials from nerves, allowing it to change shape and trigger the ryanodine receptor.

18
Q

What is the ryanodine receptor (RyR)?

A

A passive Ca2+ channel which allows Ca2+ to flow out of the SR, which activates myofilaments causing contraction.

19
Q

What is the process of muscle relaxation?

A

The SR Calcium-ATPase pump (SERCA) senses the rise in Ca2+ and then burns ATP to provide the energy to move Ca2+ back into the SR against their concentration gradient. This ends the signalling event and the muscle is able to relax.

20
Q

What is the connective tissue that surrounds muscle fibres?

A

Endomysium

21
Q

What is the connective tissue that surrounds muscle fascicles?

A

Perimysium

22
Q

What is the connective tissue that surrounds muscle?

A

Epimysium

23
Q

What are the functions of muscle? (5)

A

Movement/posture, protection, passages in/out of body, shivering thermogenesis, develop force

HUBS191 2022 (36 decks)

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