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HUBS191 2022 > lecture 26 - pituitary, hypothalamus & growth hormone > Flashcards

lecture 26 - pituitary, hypothalamus & growth hormone Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

At the base of the brain, attached to the hypothalamus.

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2
Q

How is the pituitary gland stimulated to produce hormones?

A

Activated by the hypothalamus by neural and hormonal imput.

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3
Q

What are the 2 key parts of the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior lobe and Posterior lobe

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4
Q

How is the posterior lobe of the pituitary connected to the hypothalamus?

A

By neurons, which have their cell bodies in the hypothalamus, and axon terminals in the posterior lobe

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5
Q

Where are posterior pituitary hormones made?

A

In the cell body of neurons that connect the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe

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6
Q

Where are posterior pituitary hormones stored?

A

At the axon endings of the neurons that connect the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary.

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7
Q

What type of hormone are posterior pituitary hormones, and in what medium are they soluble?

A

Peptide hormones (water soluble)

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8
Q

What are the hormones released by the posterior pituitary?

A

(ADH) Antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

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9
Q

What is the rate of the release of posterior pituitary hormones dependent on?

A

The rate of action potentials fired by the hypothalamus.

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10
Q

What is ADH (hormone)?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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11
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

Antidiuretic - stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb and conserve water, rather than releasing it as urine

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12
Q

What hormone acts on the kidneys, causing them to reabsorb water?

A

ADH - antidiuretic hormone

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13
Q

What are the key functions of oxytocin?

A

Stimulate the contraction of uterine muscles during childbirth and stimulate the milk ejection reflex during breast feeding

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14
Q

How is the anterior pituitary connect to the hypothalamus?

A

Via a portal vessel network

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15
Q

How does the hypothalamus signal to the anterior pituitary?

A

Via releasing hormones, released from neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamus and transported via portal vessels to the anterior lobe.

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16
Q

What type of hormone are releasing hormones released by the hypothalamus?

A

peptide hormones

17
Q

How do releasing hormones trigger the release of anterior pituitary hormones?

A

The peptide hormones bind to target cell membrane receptors, which triggers the secretion of a specific anterior pituitary hormone into the bloodstream.

18
Q

Where is growth hormone secreted from?

A

The anterior pituitary

19
Q

What triggers the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

A

GH-RH - growth hormone releasing hormone

20
Q

What inhibits the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

A

GH-IH - growth hormone inhibiting hormone

21
Q

What is the target gland of growth hormone?

22
Q

What is PIH (hormone)?

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

23
Q

What is PRH (hormone)?

A

Prolactin releasing hormone.

24
Q

What does prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH) inhibit?

A

Prolactin release and TSH release from the anterior pituitary

25
Q

What does the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) do?

A

Stimulates the mammary gland to secrete breast milk

26
Q

What are the direct, long term effects of growth hormone on muscles?

A

Stimulates protein synthesis

27
Q

What are the direct, short term effects of growth hormone on muscles?

A

Inhibits cellular uptake of glucose

28
Q

What are the short term effects of growth hormone on the liver?

A

Stimulates glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis)

29
Q

What are the short term effects of growth hormone on fat/adipose tissue?

A

Increase triglyceride/fat breakdown

30
Q

What are the indirect effects of growth hormone on the body?

A

Promotes cell division in bones, muscles and other tissues, by releasing Somatomedin C

31
Q

What is the other name for Somatomedin C?

A

IGF -1 (insulin growth factor 1)

32
Q

What is the function of Somatosedin C?

A

Promotes cell division for growth in the long term

33
Q

When are GH concentrations in the body highest?

A

During the night/when asleep

34
Q

In a negative feedback loop, the increase of what hormones will lead to the release of GH-IH and therefore a decrease in the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

A

Somatomedins

35
Q

Where are somatomedins released from, and in response to what stimulus?

A

The liver - in response to growth hormone acting on target tissue

36
Q

Where are the axon terminals of hypothalamus neurons that secrete anterior pituitary releasing hormones found?

A

Median eminence

HUBS191 2022 (36 decks)

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