Lecture 8: Minerals

Question 1

Minerals are ________ compounds that
✔ solid crystalline elements
✔ _____ be broken down or synthesized by __________ __________
✔ inorganic elements remaining after ignition is called _____

Answer 1

1: inorganic
2: can’t, chemical reactions
3: Ash

Question 2

▢ Classification of Minerals
➢classified according to ______________ in the body
➢ ________ Minerals

_______ ppm in body
✔needed in _________ amounts
✔ Calcium ( Ca)
✔ Phosphorus ( P)
✔ Potassium (K)
✔ Magnesium ( Mg)
✔ Sodium ( Na)
✔ Chloride ( Cl)
Sulfur ( S)
➢ ________ Minerals
✔ <____ ppm in body
✔needed in _______ amounts
✔ Cobalt (Co)
✔ Copper ( Cu)
✔ Iron ( Fe)
✔ Iodine ( I)
✔ Manganese ( Mn)
✔ Selenium ( Se)
✔ Zinc ( Zn)

Answer 2

1: concentration
2: Major
3: 100
4: larger
5: Trace
6: 100
7: Smaller

Question 3

▢ Functions of Minerals
➢ Basic ________ units of the body
✔ _______ formation and maintenance
✔ Make up _______ % of an animals body
✔Ca ( _____% of minerals); P ( ____% of minerals), Mg and Cu (Mg + minerals = ____%)
➢ Metabolism in the body
✔ Cofactors /Activators and or components of ________
✔ Ca. Mg, Fe, Co, Mn, Se, Zn
✔ Regulates ______ _______ ( osmotic pressure and excretion)
✔Na, Cl, K - also known as electrolytes
➢ Metabolism in the body ( continued)
✔ Regulates ____ ______ balance
✔ Na, Cl, K
✔ BLOOD PH IS ALWAYS 7.4
✔ Assists with _____
transport( hemoglobin)
✔ Fe, Cu

Answer 3

1: Structural
2: Skeletal
3: 3-5
4: 50%, 25%
5: enzymes
6: fluid balance
7: electrolytes
8: acid base
9: oxygen

Question 4

▢ Component of Vitamins
✔ Co- Vitamin B12
✔ Involved in the activity of ________ _________
✔ Ca, K, Mg, Na
▢ Digestion and Absorption of Minerals
➢ Minerals do not need to be broken down ( digested)
➢ However, minerals need to be converted to their _____ ( free) form to be absorbed
✔ Ex: Stomach HCI aids in Ca Absorption
✔ Can’t Absorb -CaCo3 ( limestone) - ______+ _________Can absorb
➢ Minerals are absorbed from the _______ _______
✔ Energy - dependant ( active) transport ( Ca, P, Na)
✔ Diffusion/ passive transport ( all other minerals)

Question 5

▢ Mineral Requirements
➢ Animals ______ synthesize minerals, therefore all minerals are ________ in a diet