Lecture 7: Lipids ( Fats) Flashcards
Lipids are what type of compounds?
A: Organic
B: Inorganic
A: Organic
Lipids are _____________ in water?
Insoluble
Lipids are____________ in organic solvents ( ether)
Soluble
COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS
- Lipids chemically consist of ______, _______, ________
1: C (Carbon) , H ( Hydrogen), and O ( Oxygen)
CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
➢Simple Lipids
➢Fatty Acids attached to Alcohols.
✔ True Fats and Oils ( Mono-, Di, Tryglycerides)
✔ Waxes
➢ Compound Lipids- Lipids attached to other molecules
✔ _________________ ( Lipids attached to phosphate groups)
✔ _____________( lipids bound to carbohydrates)
✔ ______________(lipids bound to proteins)- Example:
HDL ( _____________)
LDL ( _____________)
➢_________________ - substances derived from simple and compound lipids by hydrolysis
▢ Fatty Acid and Glycerol
✔ Fatty acids have __ to ____ carbon chains- Acetate, Proponate and Butyrate
▢ Saturated Fatty Acids ( Solid)
✔ The most common length is ___ carbon
✔ There are no double bounds between carbon
▢ Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Liquid)
✔ Contains _______ bounds
✔ The shorter the chain gets the more _____ it gets
1: Phospholipids
2: Glycolipids
3:Lipoproteins
4: High Density Lipoproetins
5: Low Density Lipoproteins
6: Derived Lipids
7: 2 to 24
8: Double
9: Liquid
➢ Fatty Acids
▢ Saturated
✔Myristric Acid :____ carbons: 0
✔ Palmatic Aci: ______ carbons: 0
✔ Stearic Acid: ______ carbons : 0
▢ Unsaturated
✔ Oleic Acid ( Omega 9): C18:1
✔ Linoleic Acid ( Omega 6): c18:2
✔ Linolenic Acid ( Omega 3): C18:3
1: 14: no double bonds
2: 16 no double bonds
3: 18 no double bonds
4: 18 carbons with a double bond at the 1st carbon
5: 18 carbons with a double bond at the second carbon
6: 18 carbons with a double bond at the 3rd carbon
▢ Essential Fatty Acids
➢ needed in a diet, because animals____ synthesize adequate amounts.
➢ Sterols - lipids with ________ ring structures
➢____________ is the most abundant sterol found only in _________ tissue
✔ Precursor for other sterol compounds: Vitamin ____, bile and steroid hormones
1: Can’t
2: Complex
3: Cholesterol, animal
4: D
▢ 4 classes of Lipids
✔ _______ lipids
✔_________ lipids
✔________ lipids
✔__________ lipids
1: simple
2: compound
3: derived
4: sterol
▢ Functions of lipids
➢ concentrated source of _________
➢ used by the body for the synthesis of ____
➢ Energy is required for -______________, ( body temp, heart rate, breathing) , ________, ___________, ___________
➢___________ and protection
➢ structural component of ______ ____________. Phospholipids and Glycolipids
➢ ____________
➢_____________ ( transport other lipids in the blood)
➢ __________( carrier of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K)
➢ Metabolism
✔_________ _______ _____ play a essential role in maintaining normal body functions
✔ Maintain ____ _______ and skin integrity
✔ Synthesis of C20 fatty acids for ______ function
✔ __________, synthesis for regulation of blood pressure, inflammation and hormones
✔ ____________ is a precursor for the synthesis of : _______ hormones (Androgens and Estrogens ), _____ acids
1: Energy
2: ATP
3: Maintenance, Growth, Production and activity
4: Insulation
5: cell membranes
6: transportation
7:lipoproteins
8: Micelles
9: Essential Fatty Acids
10: Cell membrane
11: Brain
12: Prostaglandin
13: Cholesterol
14: steroid
15:bile
▢ Digestion of lipids
➢Intact lipids can’t be broken down
➢Need to be broken down ( digested to)
✔ ______ _____ and other ________ _______ ( e.g. glycerol)
➢ Lipids are digested to derived lipids by
✔ ______ ______ secretions (bile salts)
✔ Bile salts act as a ________, making fats soluble in water
✔ Fat emulsions are formed
✔ __________ secretions ( lipase)
✔Lipase digests the emulsified fat to form
__________ ( contain derived lipids for absorption)
1: Fatty acids: derived lipids
2: Gall Bladder
3: detergent
4:pancreatic
5: micelles
▢ Absorption of Lipids
➢ Derived lipids in micelles are absorbed by
________ ( passive transport)in the _____ ________
➢Once absorbed , lipids are packaged into chylomicrons that enter the _______
1:diffusion: small intestine
2: Lympth
3:
▢Lipid requirements
➢Animals can’t synthesize _____ ______ -_______ in adequate amounts , so they are needed in the diet
✔Linoleic Acid ( C18:2)
✔Linolenic acid ( C18: 3)
➢Also may have requirements for other lipids
✔ ___________for hormone and bile synthesis
✔ Lipids to transport fat soluble __________
1: Essential Fatty Acids
2:Linoleic acid
3: linolenic acid
4: Cholesterol
5: Vitamins
▢ Lipid deficiency
________ _____ ____ deficiency
✔Inadequate essential fatty acids consumption
✔ symptoms : _____ lesions (scaly), hair / feather loss, poor ______ and ________
➢ Ketosis
✔Abnormal ______ __________ not a lipid deficiency
✔ Common in lactating and pregnant animals
✔ causes a blood ______drain causes ____ to be mobilized faster than what it is used for energy.
✔ Result is production of ________( acidic)
✔ Atheroslerosis
✔ Degeneration of ______ _______ and the heart ( cardiovascular disease)
✔ Diabetes mellitus ( type ll)
✔ Cells become resistant to ______
✔ Atheroslerosis
✔ Degeneration of ______ _______ and the heart ( cardiovascular disease)
✔ Diabetes mellitus ( type ll)
✔ Cells become resistant to ______
✔ Atheroslerosis
✔ Degeneration of ______ _______ and the heart ( cardiovascular disease)
✔ Diabetes mellitus ( type ll)
✔ Cells become resistant to ______
✔ Atheroslerosis
✔ Degeneration of ______ _______ and the heart ( cardiovascular disease)
✔ Diabetes mellitus ( type ll)
✔ Cells become resistant to ______✔ Atheroslerosis
✔ Degeneration of ______ _______ and the heart ( cardiovascular disease)
✔ Diabetes mellitus ( type ll)
✔ Cells become resistant to ______v✔ Atheroslerosis
✔ Degeneration of ______ _______ and the heart ( cardiovascular disease)
✔ Diabetes mellitus ( type ll)
✔ Cells become resistant to ______✔ Atheroslerosis
✔ Degeneration of ______ _______ and the heart ( cardiovascular disease)
✔ Diabetes mellitus ( type ll)
✔ Cells become resistant to ______
✔ Atheroslerosis
✔ Degeneration of ______ _______ and the heart ( cardiovascular disease)
✔ Diabetes mellitus ( type ll)
✔ Cells become resistant to ______
Symptoms : ____ _____, decreased ______ production and abortion in pregnant animals
1: Essential Fatty Acids
2: skin, growth and production
3: ketosis
4: lipid metabolism
5: glucose, fat
6: ketones
7: weight, milk,
▢ Lipid Toxicity
➢High fat intake can lead to abnormalities
✔ _____ ______ ______
✔ common in poultry ( laying hens)
✔ Accuminaltion of ______ in the liver when fed high energy diets
✔ Atheroslerosis
✔ Degeneration of ______ _______ and the heart ( cardiovascular disease)
✔ Diabetes mellitus ( type ll)
✔ Cells become resistant to ______
1: Fatty liver syndrome
2: lipids
3: blood vessels
4: Insulin
