Lecture 10: Feedstuffs : Classification

Question 1

A feedstuff is any component ( ingredient) of a diet that serves a _______ function such as

Answer 1

useful

Question 2

Provide a source of _____ ( protein, carbs, protein, minerals, vitamins
Modify _____ characteristics ( texture, flavor, odor, dust)

Answer 2

nutrients, diet

Question 3

Feeds can be classified into_____ general groupings based on _______ content

Answer 3

4, nutrient

Question 4

________ _______ Feed
TDN< 70%, NDF > 30%, CF >18%, CP<20%

Answer 4

High Roughage

Question 5

______ _______ feed
TDN > 70%, NDF < 30%, CF < 18% CP < 20%

Answer 5

High Energy

Question 6

______ ______ feed
TDN > 70%, NDF < 30%, CF < 18%, CP > 20%

Answer 6

High Protein

Question 7

Other- minerals and vitamins and additives

Question 8

Feeds can be classified into ___ major categories based on _________ content , and ________ characteristics ( processing) and other functions ( additives)

Answer 8

8, nutrient, physical

Question 9

The 8 major categories are
1: Dry Roughages
2: Pasture and Range grasses
3: Ensiled Roughage
4: High Energy Concentrate
5: Protein sources
6: Mineral
7: Vitamins
8: Additives - Antibodies

Answer 9

1-3 are in the general groupings of High Roughage Feeds

Question 10

All feeds have a ___________ feed # ( IFN)
The first digit of the IFN indicates the major feedstuff category.

Answer 10

International

Question 11

One of the major factors that determines the international classification of a feed is , _______ content and proximate analysis.

Answer 11

nutrient

Question 12

__________ analysis is the most common method to determine nutrient content of a feed
______________ ( DM)
Ash
________________ (CP)
_________________( CF)
_________________(EE)
__________________ (NFE)

Answer 12

Proximate
Dry Matter, Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Ether Extract, and Nitrogen Free Extract

Question 13

Dry matter is the _________ free fraction of the feed. Measured by drying feed in an oven at 100 degrees celcius

Answer 13

moisture

Question 14

Ash is the ________ feed component ( estimates minerals ). Measured by burning feed in furnace at 550 degrees. celius

Answer 14

inorganic

Question 15

Crude Protein is the ________ fraction of feed ( estimates total protein)
N x ______
Measure by chemical acid digestion ( kjeldah method) or by burning and measuring N gas ( LECO Method)

Answer 15

Nitrogen , 6.25

Question 16

Crude Fiber is the __________ fraction of feed ( estimates fiber). Measured by boiling feed in acid and basic solution. Not a true measure of fiber, because some fiber dissolves in acid

Answer 16

indigestible

Question 17

Ether Extract is the fraction that is _______ in ether ( measures fat). (fat soluble vitamins ) Measured by boiling feed in ether

Answer 17

fat

Question 18

Nitrogen free extract is the fraction ___________ ( estimates starches and other highly digestible carbohydrates. ( Water soluble vitamins ) Measured by the difference ( 100- ash- CF- CP- EE)

Answer 18

remaining

Question 19

Neutral detergent fiber ( NDF)
Pectin gets lost
Fraction containing 3 cell wall components
___________, ____________,________
Measured by washing feed in neutral detergent

Answer 19

Hemicellulose, Cellulose , Lignin

Question 20

Acid detergent Fiber ( ADF)
Fraction containing 2 cell wall component
__________, _______
measured by washing feed in acid detergent

Answer 20

Cellulose and Lignin

Question 21

Acid detergent lignin
( ADL)
Fraction containing 1 cell wall component
_______
Measured by exposing feed to strong acid

Answer 21

lignin

Question 22

Total Digestible Nutrients ( TDN)
represents the relative ___________ of feed
measured by the sum of all organic nutrients that have been multipied by their digestion coefficients

Answer 22

digestible

Question 23

Calorie system
measures the _______ avalibility of feedstuffs
measured by determining the amount of heat produced during complete combustion of feed.
The energy units are _______ ( heat requires to raise the temp of 1 gram of water from 14.5 degrees celsius to 15.5 degrees celsius
The calorie system partitions energy into
Gross Energy ( GE)
Digestible Energy ( DE)
Metabolizable Energy ( ME)
Net Energy ( NE)

Answer 23

ENERGY, CALORIE