Lecture 8 - Learning and Performance Flashcards
What is motor control?
The interaction between muscular and nervous systems to perform movement
What is motor learning?
Relatively permanent change in motor control over time
What is motor performance?
A measure of motor control at a particular time
What is performance?
A one shot effort. Short-term, temporary, somewhat erratic.
What is learning?
Relatively permanent improvement in performance due to practice. It is inferred from several performances and produces an internal change.
How is learning measured?
By the amount of learning and the rate of learning
What is the amount of learning?
The absolute change from one level of performance to another level (how much change has occurred)
What is the rate of learning?
The rate of change in the performance (the speed of change)
What are the three tests or learning?
Performance test, retention test, and transfer test
What is a performance test?
Tests for overall improvement. Improved consistency, improved stability, persistence
What is a limitation of a performance test?
It is unreliable
What is a retention test?
Test the ability to retain information over a given period of time. Maintenance of the curve means the skill has been learned
What is a transfer test?
The curve should be maintained as transfer occurs. The skill should be applicable from one situation to another
What are the four types of learning curves?
Negatively accelerated, positively accelerated, linear curve, and s shaped curve
What is a negatively accelerated learning curve?
Characterized by large initial improvements followed by decreasing improvements
What is a positively accelerated learning curve?
Characterized by small improvements followed by increasingly larger improvement
What is a linear learning curve?
Characterized by an equal amount of improvement on every trial. Ideal but rare.
What is an s-shaped linear curve?
Characterized by small initial improvements, followed by a rapid gain over one or two trials, followed by small improvements
What are the limits of learning?
Asymptotes and the ceiling effect (floor effect)
What is an asymptote?
A leveling off in performance due to an internal (individual) limitations
What is the ceiling effect (floor effect)?
A leveling off in performance due to external limitations
What is a plateau?
A temporary leveling off in performance followed by additional improvement with practice
What is periodization?
A planned long-term variation of the volume and intensity of training to prevent overtraining and promote optimal performance at the desired time?
How can you break through plateaus?
Periodization
How is periodization achieved?
By dividing training plans into a series of manageable phases
What is each phase in periodization designed to do?
Each phase is designed to target a specific or serioes of attributes to be developed within a designated period of time
How are periodizations divided?
Macrocycle -> mesocycle -> microcycle
What is an example of a macrocycle?
A quadrennium (4 year period/Olympic schedule) or 1 year of training
What is an example of a mesocycle?
Pre-season/in-season/off-season. Usually two or more within a macrocycle
What is a microcycle?
1 - 4 weeks or more of daily and weekly training variations
What are the benefits of periodization?
Enables logical planning and ongoing monitoring of program, caters to the individual, ensures adequate periods of lower intensity training to follow higher intensity training, produces optimal performance, and prevents burnout
