Lecture 8 Key Summary Points Flashcards
When ATP level is high. What will happen to citrate? Explain in terms of citrate’s cellular location and what it will convert to.
Citrate will be be transported from mitochondrion to cytoplasm, where it is converted to acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.
True or False? Lorenzo’s oil is used to stop fatty acid degradation.
False, it stops biosynthesis
True or False? Both fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis use NADH as the electron carrier.
False, Biosynthesis uses NADPH
Give the name of the enzyme that produces FADH2 during fatty acid beta oxidation. In one sentence explain why it does not produce NADH.
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACDH) because FAD is needed to oxidize the C-C to C C double bond.
Give the name of the vitamin that acetyl CoA carboxylase uses as its cofactor.
Biotin
What is the garbage label? (for protein degradation)
Ubiquitin
How many labels are there for ubiquitin?
4
What is the garbage disposal?
Proteosome
What is the purpose of amino transferase?
Transfer unwanted ammonia to alpha ketoglutarate
What is the end product?
L-Glutamate
How many N’s does L-Glutamate carry?
1 Nitrogen
What is the name of the enzyme in step 2 glutamine
Glutamine Synthetase
How many ATP are spent?
1 ATP
How many N’s does Glutamine carry?
2 N’s
What are the 2 enzymes that will liberate N from glutamine in the liver?
Glutaminase and Glutamate Dehydrogenase
How do you get glucose when starving?
Dissolve muscle protein
What is the key enzyme involved in both the muscle and liver?
Alanine Amino Transferase
What happens in the Cori Cycle?
Lactate is transported through blood.
What happens in the glucose alanine cycle?
Alanine is transported
what enzymes and receptors are activated when someone has COVID-19?
Covid binds to the ACE receptor which regulates blood pressure. Alanine amino transferase is activated by the coronavirus to facilitate the glucose alanine cycle so that the virus can turn all our muscle protein into glucose, elevating the level of glycolysis to get energy for transcription.
Which cycle is activated during covid?
Glucose alanine cycle
What is the enzyme that makes citruline?
OTC
How many N does citruline have?
3
How many N does Argentine succinate contain?
4 in cytoplasm
How much ATP is consumed ion arginosucinate formation?
1 ATP
What’s the name of the enzyme that forms Argentine succinate?
Argentine Succinate Synthetase because of ATP hydrolysis
Where does the 4th N come from?
Aspartic Acid
What are the 2 molecules in the urea cycle that contain 4 Nitrogens?
Arganine Succinate
Arganine
What are the 2 molecules that contain 2 N in the urea cycle?
Ornithine and urea
Which 2 molecules are present in both mitochondria and cytoplasm?
Orthinine (2 N)
Citruline (3 N)
What is the cellular location of the urea cycle?
Mixed
What connects the urea cycle with the TCA cycle?
The shunt
Alanine with a 3 C skeleton will become what after transferring Nitrogen?
Pyruvate
Glutamate, Glutamine, Histidine, Proline, Argentine, a 5 C skeleton after transferring N away will become what?
Alpha keto glutarate
Which enzyme is defective in patients with maple syrup urine disease?
BCKDH
What is defective in the albino penguin Snowflake ?
Tyrosinase
Which enzyme did the baby have that was defective in the false murder case?
The baby has Methylmalonic Acidemia: defective in MM CoA Mutase.
Accumulation of mehtylmalonyl-CoA, a falsely identified as a poison.
