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Bio 98 > Lecture 8 Key Summary Points > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Key Summary Points Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When ATP level is high. What will happen to citrate? Explain in terms of citrate’s cellular location and what it will convert to.

A

Citrate will be be transported from mitochondrion to cytoplasm, where it is converted to acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.

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2
Q

True or False? Lorenzo’s oil is used to stop fatty acid degradation.

A

False, it stops biosynthesis

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3
Q

True or False? Both fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis use NADH as the electron carrier.

A

False, Biosynthesis uses NADPH

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4
Q

Give the name of the enzyme that produces FADH2 during fatty acid beta oxidation. In one sentence explain why it does not produce NADH.

A

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACDH) because FAD is needed to oxidize the C-C to C C double bond.

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5
Q

Give the name of the vitamin that acetyl CoA carboxylase uses as its cofactor.

A

Biotin

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6
Q

What is the garbage label? (for protein degradation)

A

Ubiquitin

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7
Q

How many labels are there for ubiquitin?

A

4

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8
Q

What is the garbage disposal?

A

Proteosome

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9
Q

What is the purpose of amino transferase?

A

Transfer unwanted ammonia to alpha ketoglutarate

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10
Q

What is the end product?

A

L-Glutamate

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11
Q

How many N’s does L-Glutamate carry?

A

1 Nitrogen

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12
Q

What is the name of the enzyme in step 2 glutamine

A

Glutamine Synthetase

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13
Q

How many ATP are spent?

A

1 ATP

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14
Q

How many N’s does Glutamine carry?

A

2 N’s

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15
Q

What are the 2 enzymes that will liberate N from glutamine in the liver?

A

Glutaminase and Glutamate Dehydrogenase

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16
Q

How do you get glucose when starving?

A

Dissolve muscle protein

17
Q

What is the key enzyme involved in both the muscle and liver?

A

Alanine Amino Transferase

18
Q

What happens in the Cori Cycle?

A

Lactate is transported through blood.

19
Q

What happens in the glucose alanine cycle?

A

Alanine is transported

20
Q

what enzymes and receptors are activated when someone has COVID-19?

A

Covid binds to the ACE receptor which regulates blood pressure. Alanine amino transferase is activated by the coronavirus to facilitate the glucose alanine cycle so that the virus can turn all our muscle protein into glucose, elevating the level of glycolysis to get energy for transcription.

21
Q

Which cycle is activated during covid?

A

Glucose alanine cycle

22
Q

What is the enzyme that makes citruline?

A

OTC

23
Q

How many N does citruline have?

A

3

24
Q

How many N does Argentine succinate contain?

A

4 in cytoplasm

25
Q

How much ATP is consumed ion arginosucinate formation?

A

1 ATP

26
Q

What’s the name of the enzyme that forms Argentine succinate?

A

Argentine Succinate Synthetase because of ATP hydrolysis

27
Q

Where does the 4th N come from?

A

Aspartic Acid

28
Q

What are the 2 molecules in the urea cycle that contain 4 Nitrogens?

A

Arganine Succinate

Arganine

29
Q

What are the 2 molecules that contain 2 N in the urea cycle?

A

Ornithine and urea

30
Q

Which 2 molecules are present in both mitochondria and cytoplasm?

A

Orthinine (2 N)

Citruline (3 N)

31
Q

What is the cellular location of the urea cycle?

A

Mixed

32
Q

What connects the urea cycle with the TCA cycle?

A

The shunt

33
Q

Alanine with a 3 C skeleton will become what after transferring Nitrogen?

A

Pyruvate

34
Q

Glutamate, Glutamine, Histidine, Proline, Argentine, a 5 C skeleton after transferring N away will become what?

A

Alpha keto glutarate

35
Q

Which enzyme is defective in patients with maple syrup urine disease?

A

BCKDH

36
Q

What is defective in the albino penguin Snowflake ?

A

Tyrosinase

37
Q

Which enzyme did the baby have that was defective in the false murder case?

A

The baby has Methylmalonic Acidemia: defective in MM CoA Mutase.
Accumulation of mehtylmalonyl-CoA, a falsely identified as a poison.

Bio 98 (10 decks)

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