Lecture 7 Key Summary Points

Question 1

Which cholesterol is good?

Answer 1

HDL

Question 2

Which cholesterol is bad?

Answer 2

LDL

Question 3

Why do people in Crete have the least amount of heart attacks?

Answer 3

b/c they eat lots of unsaturated fatty acids generating lots of HDL

Question 4

Glycerol to get to G3P

Answer 4

-1 ATP

+ 1 NADH

Question 5

Fatty Acid Synthetase needs to use ____ ATP to convert fatty acid to acetyl CoA

Answer 5

2 ATP

Question 6

What transports Fatty Acetyl CoA from cytoplasm into the mitochondria? (Cato to Mito)

Answer 6

Carnitine

Question 7

What is the rate limiting step for fatty acid degradation?

Answer 7

Carnitine

Question 8

Where is CAT I located?

Answer 8

Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

Question 9

Where is CAT II located?

Answer 9

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

Question 10

What is the purpose of the CAT I and CAT II?

Answer 10

Bring fatty acetyl coA from cytosol to matrix

Question 11

What is the rate controlling step for fatty acid oxidation?

Answer 11

Carnitine Cycle

Question 12

Does fatty acid oxidation occur in cytoplasm, mitochondria, or mixed?

Answer 12

Mixed

Question 13

Fatty acetyl-coA needs to turn into _____ to go through the transporter and cannot go through the mitochondria directly.

Answer 13

fatty acyl-carnintine

Question 14

Where does beta oxidation occur?

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

What enzyme is mutated in Lorenzeo’s mother’s genes?

Answer 15

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Question 16

In beta oxidation cycle (1)__ oxidations generate (2) electrons and __(3) NADH and __(4)_ FADH2

Answer 16

1. 2 oxidations
2. 4 electrons
3. 1 NADH
4. 1 FADH2

Question 17

In beta oxidation every cycle we chop off ___ C to make acetyl coA

Answer 17

2 C

Question 18

Propinyl CoA carboxylase turns __ C into __ C

Answer 18

3C into 4 C

Question 19

What is an epimerase?

Answer 19

It is what flips stereocenters

Question 20

What does mm CA mutes turn

Question 21

What is an mutase?

Answer 21

It moves the group around.

Question 22

MM coA mutase turns it into ____

Answer 22

succinyl coA

Question 23

Odd Chain #of cycles Formula

Answer 23

(n-1)/2 -1

Question 24

L-OH acyl CoA conducts ___ ___

Answer 24

fat breakdown

Question 25

D-OH acyl ACP dominates ___

Answer 25

fat biosynthesis

Question 26

What happens when IDH is inhibited?

Answer 26

Citrate accumulates and is transported from mitochondria to cytoplasm. (Mito to Cyto)

Question 27

Which enzyme degrades citrate?

Answer 27

citrate lyase

Question 28

What does acetyl CoA become after fatty acid biosynthesis?

Answer 28

fat

Question 29

Citrate inhibits _1__ and __2_ Also speeds up __3_

Answer 29

1. PFK1 2. Citrate Synthase 3. fat synthesis

Question 30

What is the robotic arm in fatty acid biosynthesis and how much ATP is spent?

Answer 30

Biotin and 1 ATP is spent

Question 31

ACC activates 2C acetyl CoA and turns it into ___ which is the building block of fatty acid.

Answer 31

3C Malonyl-CoA

Question 32

How many domains are in the enzyme domain?

Answer 32

7 each domain catalyzes 1 reactio. Everything happens while the growing chain is connected to ACP (robotic arm)

Question 33

What is the robotic arm on pyruvate dehydrogenase or Alpha ketoglutarase dehydrogenase?

Answer 33

Lipoic Acid cofactor for E2

Question 34

What is the robotic arm in ACC or pyruvate carboxylase?

Answer 34

Biotin

Question 35

What is the robotic arm in fatty acid synthase?

Answer 35

PPT

Question 36

What is the purpose of the robotic arm?

Answer 36

Transfer reactive intermediates between enzymes

Question 37

_1 loads malonyl-CoA to 2__ and acetyl CoA to _3_

Answer 37

1. MAT 2. ACP 3. KS

Question 38

Gluconeogensis occurs in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, or mixed?

Answer 38

Mixed

Question 39

FAS contains the following subdomains:

Answer 39

1. KS (condensation) 2. MAT (loading) 3. KR (reduction) 4. DH (dehydration) 5. ER (enoyreduction 6. TE (termination)

Question 40

FA biosynthesis (ACC):

Answer 40

citrate, malonyl CoA, Palmitate

Question 41

FA Oxidation (Carnitine shuttle getting FA into mitochondrion)

Answer 41

malonyl CoA

Question 42

What does citrate inhibit?

Answer 42

PFK 1 by binding to allosteric site

Question 43

Is the ACC polymer active or inactive?

Answer 43

Active ACC

Question 44

Is a dimer active or inactive?

Answer 44

Inactive ACC

Question 45

Anaerobic training will have __ on mitochondria #, burning fat, TCA cycle, or ET.

Answer 45

No change

Question 46

Anaerobic training _1__ any process used to utilize sugar and _2__ locate tolerance so we can tolerate more pain.

Answer 46

1 increase | 2 increase

Question 47

Lorenzo's oil is an inhibitor of which enzyme?

Answer 47

ACC blocks biosynthesis of fatty acid.