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Bio 98 > Lecture 7 Key Summary Points > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Key Summary Points Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which cholesterol is good?

A

HDL

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2
Q

Which cholesterol is bad?

A

LDL

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3
Q

Why do people in Crete have the least amount of heart attacks?

A

b/c they eat lots of unsaturated fatty acids generating lots of HDL

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4
Q

Glycerol to get to G3P

A

-1 ATP

+ 1 NADH

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5
Q

Fatty Acid Synthetase needs to use ____ ATP to convert fatty acid to acetyl CoA

A

2 ATP

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6
Q

What transports Fatty Acetyl CoA from cytoplasm into the mitochondria? (Cato to Mito)

A

Carnitine

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7
Q

What is the rate limiting step for fatty acid degradation?

A

Carnitine

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8
Q

Where is CAT I located?

A

Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

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9
Q

Where is CAT II located?

A

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the CAT I and CAT II?

A

Bring fatty acetyl coA from cytosol to matrix

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11
Q

What is the rate controlling step for fatty acid oxidation?

A

Carnitine Cycle

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12
Q

Does fatty acid oxidation occur in cytoplasm, mitochondria, or mixed?

A

Mixed

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13
Q

Fatty acetyl-coA needs to turn into _____ to go through the transporter and cannot go through the mitochondria directly.

A

fatty acyl-carnintine

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14
Q

Where does beta oxidation occur?

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

What enzyme is mutated in Lorenzeo’s mother’s genes?

A

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase

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16
Q

In beta oxidation cycle (1)__ oxidations generate (2) electrons and __(3) NADH and __(4)_ FADH2

A
  1. 2 oxidations
  2. 4 electrons
  3. 1 NADH
  4. 1 FADH2
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17
Q

In beta oxidation every cycle we chop off ___ C to make acetyl coA

A

2 C

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18
Q

Propinyl CoA carboxylase turns __ C into __ C

A

3C into 4 C

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19
Q

What is an epimerase?

A

It is what flips stereocenters

20
Q

What does mm CA mutes turn

A
21
Q

What is an mutase?

A

It moves the group around.

22
Q

MM coA mutase turns it into ____

A

succinyl coA

23
Q

Odd Chain #of cycles Formula

A

(n-1)/2 -1

24
Q

L-OH acyl CoA conducts ___ ___

A

fat breakdown

25
Q

D-OH acyl ACP dominates ___

A

fat biosynthesis

26
Q

What happens when IDH is inhibited?

A

Citrate accumulates and is transported from mitochondria to cytoplasm.
(Mito to Cyto)

27
Q

Which enzyme degrades citrate?

A

citrate lyase

28
Q

What does acetyl CoA become after fatty acid biosynthesis?

A

fat

29
Q

Citrate inhibits 1__ and __2 Also speeds up __3_

A
  1. PFK1
  2. Citrate Synthase
  3. fat synthesis
30
Q

What is the robotic arm in fatty acid biosynthesis and how much ATP is spent?

A

Biotin and 1 ATP is spent

31
Q

ACC activates 2C acetyl CoA and turns it into ___ which is the building block of fatty acid.

A

3C Malonyl-CoA

32
Q

How many domains are in the enzyme domain?

A

7 each domain catalyzes 1 reactio. Everything happens while the growing chain is connected to ACP (robotic arm)

33
Q

What is the robotic arm on pyruvate dehydrogenase or Alpha ketoglutarase dehydrogenase?

A

Lipoic Acid cofactor for E2

34
Q

What is the robotic arm in ACC or pyruvate carboxylase?

A

Biotin

35
Q

What is the robotic arm in fatty acid synthase?

A

PPT

36
Q

What is the purpose of the robotic arm?

A

Transfer reactive intermediates between enzymes

37
Q

_1 loads malonyl-CoA to 2__ and acetyl CoA to 3

A
  1. MAT
  2. ACP
  3. KS
38
Q

Gluconeogensis occurs in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, or mixed?

A

Mixed

39
Q

FAS contains the following subdomains:

A
  1. KS (condensation)
  2. MAT (loading)
  3. KR (reduction)
  4. DH (dehydration)
  5. ER (enoyreduction
  6. TE (termination)
40
Q

FA biosynthesis (ACC):

A

citrate, malonyl CoA, Palmitate

41
Q

FA Oxidation (Carnitine shuttle getting FA into mitochondrion)

A

malonyl CoA

42
Q

What does citrate inhibit?

A

PFK 1 by binding to allosteric site

43
Q

Is the ACC polymer active or inactive?

A

Active ACC

44
Q

Is a dimer active or inactive?

A

Inactive ACC

45
Q

Anaerobic training will have __ on mitochondria #, burning fat, TCA cycle, or ET.

A

No change

46
Q

Anaerobic training _1__ any process used to utilize sugar and _2__ locate tolerance so we can tolerate more pain.

A

1 increase

2 increase

47
Q

Lorenzo’s oil is an inhibitor of which enzyme?

A

ACC blocks biosynthesis of fatty acid.

Bio 98 (10 decks)

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