lecture 8 - health promotion

Question 1

Describe the methods of the Almeda county study and their results (dont explain the 7 health habits in this one lol)

Answer 1

longitudinal cohort study that followed 7k adults for 17 years

IV: number of 7 health habits engaged in
DV: morbidity and mortality

results:
mortality rates for adults following only 0 to 3 of the habits compared to 7 habits were significant

-women who only followed 0-3 showed 43% greater mortality rate
- men w only 0-3 showed 28% greater mortality rate
- less social support was strongest predictor, death rate was 3x greater

Question 2

what were the 7 health habits in Almeda county study

Answer 2

7-8 hrs sleep
not smoking
eating breakfast
no more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day
regular exercise
no snacking
no more than 10% overweight

Question 3

define health promotion

Answer 3

any event, process or activity that allows the protection or improvement of health of people

Question 4

what are the prerequisites for health in the Ottawa charter?

Answer 4

-peace
-shelter
-education
-food
-income
-stable eco system
-sustainable resources
-social justice and equity

Question 5

improvement in health requires a secure foundation in ____

Answer 5

the basic prerequisites

Question 6

primary prevention

Answer 6

efforts aimed at reducing risks or threats to health

prevent exposure to hazards

alter unhealthy behaviours or habits

increases resistance to disease should it occur

Question 7

secondary prevention

Answer 7

aims to reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occured

detect and treat disease as soon as possible to slow or stop its progress

encourage personal strategies to prevent re injury

programs to help ppl return to original health and function

Question 8

tertiary prevention

Answer 8

soften impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has long lasting impacts

help ppl cope w health issues

improve QOL and life expectancy even tho they are living w diseases

Question 9

intention behaviour gap

Answer 9

although some behavioural change interventions change intention, they do not impact actual behaviour

ex: DARE or just say no campaigns that only advocate abstinence (a lot of money goes into these campaigns but they don’t really work)

Question 10

large scale review of the DARE program

Answer 10

Does not reduce drug use, and in category of cannabis, DARE graduates are more likely to smoke (American Journal of Public Health, 1994)

Question 11

factors that increase campaign effectiveness

Answer 11

target to audience
audience appropriate
clearly state behaviour or event of relevance
primary secondary or tertiary message
prevention detectuib and naubtebabce
attention grabbing message
tailoring framing and appropriate lvl of fear
provide audience w reasonable strategies to change behaviour

Question 12

community development approach

Answer 12

ppl act collectively in order to change their environment rather than themselves

Question 13

textbook examples of community and health promotions

Answer 13

barbershop setting

mens sheds

canada indigenous health prenatal and toddler programs

Question 14

healthism

Answer 14

shaping individuals into health-conscious citizens who willingly abide by society prescribed norms

Question 15

Guerreri et al CDA critiques

Answer 15

Professionalization creep
o Grassroots organization becomes a big professional program
- Burnout
o Organizing a lot of people
o Executing takes even more energy
- Ownership

Question 16

What are the three assumptions in the ‘ideology’ of Health Promotion?

Answer 16

1. Good Health is a Universally shared objective
2. There is agreement on what healthy means.
3. There is a scientific consensus on which behaviours facilitate good health

Question 17

are the assumptions in the ideology of health promotion true? and how can we progress in the future?

Answer 17

none of the assumptions are true

so in the future we need health promotion guided by evidence, ethics and values

Question 18

science communication

Answer 18

practice of infoirming, educating, raising awareness of science related topics

Question 19

study on covid 19 information and the 3 attitudes from citizens

Answer 19

types of attitudes regarding citizens’ relationship to information, trust in sources, and perception of science and scientific experts
1) Optimistic Institutional (43%):
o Information gathered from TV news, institutional web channels, and GP
o Positive judgement sin actions and communication from institutions and experts
2) Disoriented (35%):
o Based own behaviour on mix of information sources (news, media, relatives, friends)
o Not sceptic on research perspectives, but cannot evaluate management/quality of communication by institutions.
o Multiplying expert advice confusion
3) Social media pessimistic (22%):
o Social media and friends/relative were the key information sources
o Negative in management and communication of institutions, critical of experts’ ability to communicate and the possibility of science’s response to the pandemic.

Question 20

Fridan et al study on trust in government resources

Answer 20

70.3% trusted in government sources, less than 1/3 trusted social media
- Trust in government sources positively correlated with accurate knowledge about COVID-19 and adhering to certain health behaviours (ex. social distancing)
- Trust in private sources was negatively associated with knowledge about COVID19
- Trust in social networks negatively associated with knowledge and adherence to social distancing

• demographic trends: Younger and nonwhite populations trusted in private sources (ex. CNN, Fox) and social media (ex. Twitter) more than older and White populations, who trusted more in government resources (ex. CDC, FDA, WHO)
• Private or social media sources distribute messages that can reduce public trust in scientific knowledge and health policies

Question 21

scientists are perceived as _____ but ____

Answer 21

competent but cold