lecture 8 - health promotion Flashcards
Describe the methods of the Almeda county study and their results (dont explain the 7 health habits in this one lol)
longitudinal cohort study that followed 7k adults for 17 years
IV: number of 7 health habits engaged in
DV: morbidity and mortality
results:
mortality rates for adults following only 0 to 3 of the habits compared to 7 habits were significant
-women who only followed 0-3 showed 43% greater mortality rate
- men w only 0-3 showed 28% greater mortality rate
- less social support was strongest predictor, death rate was 3x greater
what were the 7 health habits in Almeda county study
7-8 hrs sleep
not smoking
eating breakfast
no more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day
regular exercise
no snacking
no more than 10% overweight
define health promotion
any event, process or activity that allows the protection or improvement of health of people
what are the prerequisites for health in the Ottawa charter?
-peace
-shelter
-education
-food
-income
-stable eco system
-sustainable resources
-social justice and equity
improvement in health requires a secure foundation in ____
the basic prerequisites
primary prevention
efforts aimed at reducing risks or threats to health
prevent exposure to hazards
alter unhealthy behaviours or habits
increases resistance to disease should it occur
secondary prevention
aims to reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occured
detect and treat disease as soon as possible to slow or stop its progress
encourage personal strategies to prevent re injury
programs to help ppl return to original health and function
tertiary prevention
soften impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has long lasting impacts
help ppl cope w health issues
improve QOL and life expectancy even tho they are living w diseases
intention behaviour gap
although some behavioural change interventions change intention, they do not impact actual behaviour
ex: DARE or just say no campaigns that only advocate abstinence (a lot of money goes into these campaigns but they don’t really work)
large scale review of the DARE program
Does not reduce drug use, and in category of cannabis, DARE graduates are more likely to smoke (American Journal of Public Health, 1994)
factors that increase campaign effectiveness
target to audience
audience appropriate
clearly state behaviour or event of relevance
primary secondary or tertiary message
prevention detectuib and naubtebabce
attention grabbing message
tailoring framing and appropriate lvl of fear
provide audience w reasonable strategies to change behaviour
community development approach
ppl act collectively in order to change their environment rather than themselves
textbook examples of community and health promotions
barbershop setting
mens sheds
canada indigenous health prenatal and toddler programs
healthism
shaping individuals into health-conscious citizens who willingly abide by society prescribed norms
Guerreri et al CDA critiques
Professionalization creep
o Grassroots organization becomes a big professional program
- Burnout
o Organizing a lot of people
o Executing takes even more energy
- Ownership
What are the three assumptions in the ‘ideology’ of Health Promotion?
- Good Health is a Universally shared objective
- There is agreement on what healthy means.
- There is a scientific consensus on which behaviours facilitate good health
are the assumptions in the ideology of health promotion true? and how can we progress in the future?
none of the assumptions are true
so in the future we need health promotion guided by evidence, ethics and values
science communication
practice of infoirming, educating, raising awareness of science related topics
study on covid 19 information and the 3 attitudes from citizens
types of attitudes regarding citizens’ relationship to information, trust in sources, and perception of science and scientific experts
1) Optimistic Institutional (43%):
o Information gathered from TV news, institutional web channels, and GP
o Positive judgement sin actions and communication from institutions and experts
2) Disoriented (35%):
o Based own behaviour on mix of information sources (news, media, relatives, friends)
o Not sceptic on research perspectives, but cannot evaluate management/quality of communication by institutions.
o Multiplying expert advice confusion
3) Social media pessimistic (22%):
o Social media and friends/relative were the key information sources
o Negative in management and communication of institutions, critical of experts’ ability to communicate and the possibility of science’s response to the pandemic.
Fridan et al study on trust in government resources
70.3% trusted in government sources, less than 1/3 trusted social media
- Trust in government sources positively correlated with accurate knowledge about COVID-19 and adhering to certain health behaviours (ex. social distancing)
- Trust in private sources was negatively associated with knowledge about COVID19
- Trust in social networks negatively associated with knowledge and adherence to social distancing
- demographic trends: Younger and nonwhite populations trusted in private sources (ex. CNN, Fox) and social media (ex. Twitter) more than older and White populations, who trusted more in government resources (ex. CDC, FDA, WHO)
- Private or social media sources distribute messages that can reduce public trust in scientific knowledge and health policies
scientists are perceived as _____ but ____
competent but cold
