Lecture #8, Exam 2

Question 1

The hypothalamus and the pituitary body make up the…

Answer 1

infundibulum.

Question 2

the parahippocampal gyrus and uncus are responsible for…

Answer 2

declarative memory (episodic and semantic)

Question 3

The entorhinal cortex plays a role in…

Answer 3

olfaction.

Question 4

The orbitofrontal lobe is important for

Answer 4

personality and emotion.

Question 5

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?

Answer 5

hemorrhaging mamillary bodies which causes ataxia which is remitted, then retrograde amnesia. Caused by a B1 deficiency and is mostly today seen in chronic alcohol abusers. It is temporally graded retrograde amnesia.

Question 6

the cerebral crura is connected…

Answer 6

to the primary motor cortex and connects to the spinal cord to make synapses on nerves that innervate muscle.

Question 7

The point where the nerves cross in the medulla is called…

Answer 7

the Pyramids of Medulla (or decussation point)

Question 8

List the structure involved in the path of upper motor neurons.

Answer 8

to lower motor neurons, to the cerebellum, to the corona radiata, the centrum semiovale, internal capsule, to the corpus callosum, to the pons, decussation, then opposite side. (LOOK UP IF TIME.)

Question 9

What is the calcarine fissure responsible for, and what are its alternate names?

Answer 9

Primary visual Cortex, Area 17 (Bro). It is responsible for retinotopic mapping. Central vision is medial, peripheral vision is lateral, and the lower half is actually the upper half and the upper half is the lower half like some weird wonderland crap.

Question 10

The cingulate gyrus is involved in…

Answer 10

social function and anxiety. It is involved but not entirely responsible for social comprehension, or the ability to discern the thoughts and motivations of others.

Question 11

the cingulate gyrus is involved in what common disorder?

Answer 11

OCD.

Question 12

Describe OCD.

Answer 12

anxiety provoking, intrusive, recurrent thought. Compulsion refers to behaviors designed to reduce anxiety that are often repeated. There are often themes, including safety, healthy and categories. It can be mild to severe and is treatment with pharmacology, cognitive behavioral therapy and surgery to destroy cells with anxiety as a last resort.

Question 13

What is cut in split-brain surgery?

Answer 13

the corpus callosum

Question 14

the other two commissures are called:

Answer 14

the anterior commissure (olfactory) and the posterior commissure which is c-shaped and lower than expected.

Question 15

The part of the Thalamus that is connected in some humans is called what?

Answer 15

the massa intermedia.

Question 16

the hypothalamus is involved in the four f’s. what are they? What other functions is it involved with?

Answer 16

food, fight, flight, fornication. Thermoregulation and sleep wake cycling.

Question 17

What are the superior and inferior colliculi (the tectum) involved with?

Answer 17

visual and auditory processing, unconscious and reflexive behaviors. Localizing source of sound and orienting to it.

Question 18

Compression of the medulla by a tumor results in what?

Answer 18

cardiorespiratory death.

Question 19

The cortex surrounding the inner Sylvian fissure is called what? What is it involved with?

Answer 19

the insula; taste (gustation) and strokes here can extinguish obsessive and addictive behavior.

Question 20

What is the bilateral rough tissue found in the tail of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 20

the choroid plexus. it is responsible for producing CSF.

Question 21

Which structure’s tail is near the choroid plexus?

Answer 21

the tail of the caudate nucleus.

Question 22

What is the first to go in Huntington’s disease, whose dysfunction is also responsible for choreas?

Answer 22

the head of the caudate nucleus.

Question 23

Explain why the striatum and lentiform nucleus are group as they are.

Answer 23

the striatum is grouped together due to the same degree of darkness and same type of cells. The lentiform nucleus is named for proximity, not similar function.

Question 24

what is the angle of the internal capsule called? (the arrow point.)

Answer 24

the genu (knee)

Question 25

the internal capsule is a common are for what?

Answer 25

small strokes