Lecture 8: Bacterial Genetics

Question 1

Prokaryotic choromosome

Answer 1

Circular DNA and only one per cell. Has 1000s of genes.

Question 2

Chromosome compaction

Answer 2

RNA molecules and protein complexes hold chromosome into loops
- Process is called supercoiling

Question 3

Supercoiling enzymes

Answer 3

• Gyrase and topoisomerase

- Cuts DNA and twist and religanding it (pasting back together)

Question 4

Plasmids

Answer 4

Extra chromosomal DNA and have few chromosomes

Question 5

Fitness

Answer 5

Ability to survive and reproduce

Question 6

R (resistant) Plasmid

Answer 6

Plasmid that has a gene that is antibiotic resistant

Question 7

Gene

Answer 7

Section of a DNA molecule that encodes instructions to make RNA or RNA and proteins

Question 8

Proteins and RNAs

Answer 8

Molecules that determine organisms’ phenotypes

Question 9

Phenotypes

Answer 9

Physical or behavioral characteristics of an organism

Question 10

Prokaryote DNA location

Answer 10

Nucleoid

Question 11

The central dogma

Answer 11

DNA -> mRNA -> Protein

Question 13

Translation

Answer 13

mRNA to protein using the ribosome to carry the genetic information.

Question 14

Template strand

Answer 14

The strand of DNA that is used for mRNA transcription

Question 15

Central dogma in words

Answer 15

The sequence of bases in a stretch of DNA specifies the sequence of bases in an mRNA which specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Question 16

Nonsense codons

Answer 16

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 17

Transcription

Answer 17

When mRNA copies the DNA