Lecture 13: Flu Flashcards
Diarrheal disease
- Leading cause of death worldwide, mainly children
- Areas that lack sewage, water treatment, medical care, nutrition
Diarrheal disease in children
children can’t absorb nutrients from food (malabsorption) then leads to malnutrition, which again leads to diarrheal disease. A positive feedback loop.
Diarrheal disease bacteria and viruses
E Coli, shigella, vibrio cholera, and rotavirus
Enterocytes
Columnar intestinal epithelial cells involved in the absorption of nutrients
Vibrio cholera
Enterotoxins increase secretion of water and electrolytes
E. Colin uses Attachment and effacing
Bind to epithelial cells and inject proteins which reorganizes cells of the cytoplasm vin the form of a pedestal and brush border is gone
Shigella uses cell invasion
Bonds to apical region of cell and inject
Vibrio cholera epidemiology
- High infectious dose so it needs be ingested with high amounts
- Acquired by contaminated food or water
Vibrio cholera virulence factors
- Adhesins allow bacteria to attach to small intestines
- Cholera toxin) type of enterotoxin) an A-B toxin that turns on a signal transduction cascade in epithelial cells which open ion channels in epithelial cells
Vibrio transduction pathway
1) cholera attaches to intestinal epithelium using adhesins to allow attachments
2) Toxin is release, the B subunit bonds to
3) A subunit enters cell and starts a signal transduction pathway
4) A subunit turns on G protein which bind to GTP
5) Activated G protein will then activate enzyme called adenylate Cyclase
6) ATP -> cyclic AMP
7) Cyclic AMP will bind to ion channels and open the
8) ions go into lumen (Cl-, K+, Na+, HCO3-)
Cholera treatment
Oral rehydration salts are glucose and salt solution, kind of like Gatorade
Influenza
- Types A(most serious), B, C
- Type A and B are in vaccines
- Type C typically in kids and only affects respiratory system
- Type A causes pandemics
Influence envelope function
- Hemagglutinin antigen attached to receptor in host
