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Microbiology > Lecture 12: Host microbe interactions > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Host microbe interactions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chronic infection

A

Continuous production of low levels of virus particles and the carriers can transmit virus regardless of a lack of symptoms

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2
Q

Latent infection

A

Viral genome remain silent and host cell and can reactivate to cause productive infection

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3
Q

Hepatitis B/C

A

Infects hepatocytes (liver cells) and are chronic infections, EX cirrhosis or hepatocellular or carcinoma or hepatitis

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4
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Scarring of liver

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5
Q

Herpes simplex virus type 1/2

A

Infect or hang out at neurons of sensory ganglia (cranial nerve) and are latent infections, EX oral or genital herpes

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6
Q

Varicella zoster

A

Latent infection that hangs out at satellite cells of sensory ganglia, EX chickenpox or shingles

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7
Q

Cancer

A

Caused by mutations in three classes of genes: DNA repair enzymes, protooncogenes, tumor suppressor

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8
Q

Proto-oncogene

A

Molecular switches that tell cells to divide and when mutated it is called oncogene (switched on forever)

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9
Q

Tumor suppressor

A

Normally inhibit growth in cell division, but when mutated, it will not be able to repair cells and cause unregulated growth in cells

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10
Q

Provirus

A

Latent virus

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11
Q

Viral oncogenes

A

Viruses that can carry oncogenes

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12
Q

Microbiome

A

Collection of all microbial species on an individual

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13
Q

The human microbiome

A
  • Colonization begins at birth
  • Composition is different among individual and overtime
  • biome changes based on physiological state
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14
Q

Benefits of human microbiome

A
  • Protect against pathogens
  • Resident my girls have been attachment to disease causing microbes tissues, consume the available nutrients and therefore compete with and produce toxic chemicals
  • Aids in digestion such as increase nutrients and break down fiber
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15
Q

Dysbiosis

A

Imbalance in the normal microbiota

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16
Q

Microbial cloud

A

Different species exist on different individual

17
Q

Koch’s postulates

A

1) The micro organism must be present in every case of the disease but not in healthy hosts
2) Micro organism must be grown in a pure culture from diseased hosts
3) The same disease must be produced when a pure culture of the organism is introduced into susceptible hosts
4) he seem micro organisms must be recovered from the experimentally infected hosts

18
Q

Limitations of Koch’s postulates

A
  • Some people are asymptomatic
  • Latent viruses
  • some microorganisms cannot be grown in a pure culture
19
Q

Pathogenicity

A
  • Primary pathogen: cause disease in healthy individual

- Opportunistic pathogen: cause disease when body’s defenses are compromised

20
Q

Pathogenicity principles

A
  • Virulence: Degree of pathogenicity

- Virulence factors: proteins and other molecules produced by a microorganism

21
Q

Infectious disease principles

A
  • pathogenicity
  • infection
  • localized
22
Q

Infection

A
  • Communicable of contagious
  • Infectious dose is number of microbes necessary to establish infection (ID50 is minimum number of cells/viruses needed to cause infection in 50% of population)
23
Q

Distribution of pathogen

A

Systemic infection: agent spread throughout body

Categories: bacteremia, toxemia, viremia (all can lead to sepsis)

24
Q

Bacteremia

A

Bacterium in the blood

25
Q

Toxemia

A

Toxin in blood

26
Q

Viremia

A

Virus in bloodstream

27
Q

Sepsis

A

Life threatening inflammation -> blood loses fluid -> blood pressure drops -> heart rate elevated -> not enough oxygen in tissues -> multiple organ failures

28
Q

Pathogenesis mechanism

A
  • Produce toxins that are ingested
  • Colonize mucous membranes and produce toxin
  • invade hist tissues, avoid defenses
  • invade host tissues, produce toxins
  • pathogens adhere to host tissues via adhesins
29
Q

Adhesins

A

Attach to host cell receptor which are located at tips of fimbriae/villi

30
Q

Produce toxins that are ingested

A

Microbes does not grow and we’re on the house that produces toxins that cause illness EX clostridium botulinum

31
Q

Colonize mucous membranes, produce toxins

A

Colonization often done through biofilm formation EX vibrio cholera

32
Q

Secretion systems

A

Found in gram bacteria

  • don’t can inject molecules other than proteins
  • Type 3 secretion system (injectisome)

Microbiology (10 decks)

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