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FN 3361 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a policy?

A

The course of action chosen by public authorities to address a given problem
-policies are created when there is a gap

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2
Q

What are the 2 forms of policies that can occur?

A

Reactive: Emerge in response to a concern or crisis that must be addressed

Proactive: introduced and pursued through deliberate choice

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3
Q

Who are the stakeholders?

A

People involved in the situation

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4
Q

What is reframing?

A

Taking an argument and being able to look at it in different ways and adjust to your audience

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5
Q

what are unintended consequences?

A

Side effects of your policy, can’t predict them all

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6
Q

What is financial analysis?

A

Whether or not we have an impact for the money used

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7
Q

What is the first step in developing a healthy public policy?

A

Describe the problem

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8
Q

What does it mean to describe the problem?

A

Understand the program

  • causes
  • impact
  • possible solutions

teach for info to find answers
-types and sources of data

Create SMART objectives

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9
Q

What is the second step in developing a healthy public policy?

A

Assess readiness

  • are people going to be ready for a policy?
  • is the public supportive?
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10
Q

What does it mean to assess readiness?

A

Community
-who is supportive/what is public opinion/why might people be opposed?

Organizational
-Does the policy fit with mandate/how much time and resources do you have

If -ve public opinion or inadequate resources-> failure and decrease credibility
-you are already going to fail before you start to put your credibility on the line

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11
Q

What is the third step in developing a healthy public policy?

A

Goals, Objectives and Policy Options

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12
Q

What does it mean to look at goals, objectives and policy?

A

Develop 1-2 goals
Develop Smart Objectives
Generate a list of policy options
-shows you are flexible and willing to negotiate
-prepares you to explain ones you won’t support
Assess all options
-create shortlist
-Present these options to decision makers

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13
Q

What is the fourth step in developing a healthy public policy?

A

identify decision makers

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14
Q

What does it mean to identify decision makers?

A

Chose the rich people at the right time
Consider starting lower on hierarchy
Target sympathetic and supportive individuals
Find out how they make decisions
Organize list of influential individuals in the order they should be approached s

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15
Q

What is the fifth step in developing a healthy public policy?

A

Building support for the policy?

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16
Q

How do you build supporters for the policy?

A 
Choose mix of approaches
-quiet negotiation, letter writing
Focus messages on:
-links between policy and compelling issue
-simple descriptions of solution
-signs that change is warranted
Prepare counter arguments
Developing coalition is a key part of this step
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17
Q

What is the sixth step in developing a healthy public policy?

A

Drafting and or revising the policy

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18
Q

how do you draft&/or revise a policy?

A

Precise working is essential

  • purpose of policy (goals&objectives)
  • Description of the regulations
  • Procedures for non compliance
  • Plan to promote and disseminate policy
  • Plan for monitoring
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19
Q

What is the seventh step in developing a healthy public policy?

A

Ensure:

  • Policy meets stated goals and objectives
  • Objectives are measurable
  • Stakeholder approval has been obtained
  • Accurate estimate of resources needed
  • timeline is realistic and appropriate
  • policy specifies who its responsible for what

Clear communication, enforcement plan and signage

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20
Q

What is the eighth step to developing a healthy public plan?

A

evaluate and monitor

21
Q

What does it mean to evaluate and monitor?

A

Sample evaluation questions
-Is thee situation better? if not why not?
Collect quantitative and qualitative data through the policy cycle

Use indicators to measure
-behaviour, health status, #of violations, media coverage resources allocated
Determined how to communicate findings

22
Q

What are the sources of sugar intake?

A 
Milk
Fruit
Fruit juice
Confectionary
Fruit drink
Sugars
Other sugars
Cereals, grains pasta
Soft Drink
Vegetables
23
Q

What do the top 10 sources of sugar contribute to?

A

85% of total sugar intake

24
Q

How much sugar are we recommended to have by WHO?

A

21% of our diet is total sugar but who recommends no more than 10% of free sugar

25
Q

How much sugar do soft drinks contribute to our diet?

A

4% out of the 21%

26
Q

If we went according to WHO what foods would we have to remove from the top 10?

A

Milk

Fruit

27
Q

Where did increased sugar consumption begin?

A

As sugar consumption increased before 1990s we saw an increase in obesity rates
-but there is a lot of things that have contributed to obesity, not just sugar intake

28
Q

Is it the sugar or Sugar sweetened beverages that’s the issue?

A

The the sugar necessarily that’s in the beverages case there are cereals that are good for you but contain sugar
-with SSB you can consume a lot of calories in a short period of time

29
Q

How strong is the evidence in correlation between SSB and obesity?

A

The association is starting to diverge, from obesity

-do we want government to spend time on this or on other important things that are more pressing

30
Q

How strong is the evidence for SSB and obesity?

A

Its third on the list behind processed meats and fried foods that do the most harm

31
Q

Globally what does SSB rank as a factor for mortality and burden of disease?

A

32nd globally and 19th in North America

-There are 18 others that are above that, so why see we looking at SSB?

32
Q

What did SSB fall behind?

A

Physical inactivity
Diets low in fruits
Diets low in Whole grains
Diets high in Na

33
Q

What has SSB taxation led to?

A

To a decrees ein consumption

-NYC saw 30% reduction in consumption but BMI was unaltered

34
Q

What did the tax on SSB in Mexico result?

A

Increased costs of SSB by 10%
Led to a 12-17% reduction in general and lower income households respectively
-but beer consumption increased
4% increase in non-sweetened beverages, mainly water
No BMI effects-longer term data is needed
No data on kolas

35
Q

What are other successful strategies for taxation?

A

Frame of the argument

  • Public health vs revenue generation
  • distribution of funds

Pro-tax advocacy
-funding to impose anti-tax movement

Liberal dominated districts
-doesn’t work in conservative cause they hate tax and love free market

36
Q

What is taxation?

A

Regressive
-poorp people could be targeted more than the middle class, solution to have the money generated from this can go back to support those families

37
Q

If SSB is taxed, what will people do?

A

Find a way to get it somewhere else

38
Q

What is an unintended consequence?

A
  • Side effect of what you actually intended on
  • the next fat phenomenon (when you take fat out of food you replace with sugar and salt
  • Only focusing on a sings nutrient (losing sight of whole diet)
  • Substitution effect
  • Low sugar product respond by industry
  • funds raised by taxation would not be redistributed to education or support of healthier options
39
Q

What did the university of Saskatchewan find out about student food insecurity?

A

39.5% reported some degree of FI (3x the national average)

High rates among:

  • international students
  • Students who are parents

FI disportionately affecting some students more than others

40
Q

What is the number one source of income for students?

A

Government student loans

-assistance is not enough and related to food security

41
Q

What are some strategies students use to cope with FI?

A 
Get food from friends/relatives
Go to campus events for food
Decrease size of meals
Eat unbalanced melas
Fast
Steal food
Share with roommates
Repress hunger with fluid
Obtain food from garbage
42
Q

How do students manage their income?

A 
Buy food on credit
Get a job/ Increase hours of employment
Budget money/delay bill payment
Delay purchase or don't buy textbooks
Decrease personal expenditure
Apply for government support/loans/bursaries
Sell possessions
Avoid buying meds
43
Q

What are some social and community supports?

A

Borrow money/food from friends/family

Use food banks

Live with parents/others

44
Q

What are the barriers to using campus food banks?

A

Social Stigma
Lack of information
Self identity (don’t think they area poor enough)
Hours of operation inconvenient

45
Q

What are psychosocial and academic consequences of FI?

A

High levels of stress and depressed mood
Fear of disappointing family/parents
Jealously/resentment towards students in more stable situations
Inabiity to develop meaningful social relationship
Don’t go out with friends

46
Q

How does FI impact children?

A

Parents protect children from FI

  • buy store food for kids and food bank for themselves
  • forfeit food so child can eat
  • let children choose first

FI has -ve effects on children wellbeing
-anxiety, cheaper formula, less nutritious food

Inappropriate food in food bank hampers
-quality/quantity/not respectful of cultural or religious preferences

47
Q

What are suggestions to combat FI?

A
  • Mental health clinics screen for FI
  • Increased access to affordable childcare/housing
  • Increased availability of student financial support
48
Q

What are the 4 categories that can help solve the bigger problem of FI?

A

Intrapersonal
-food/financial literacy; vouchers for meals

Interpersonal
-peer to peer mentoring, donations, apps that connect students in need with students with excess

Organizational
-Campus food banks, employment opportunity

Policy/System
-Change eligibility for social assistance, enact laws to increase access to healthy foods, increase financial aid to students

49
Q

What is the effect of policy on FI?

A

Student Choice Initiative
-New Ontario government policy to allow students to opt out

Some of the effects:

  • students have more control over their money
  • significant decrease in fees collected to support non mandatory services
  • difficult to makes long term/strategic plans as opt in numbers can change every semester

FN 3361 (7 decks)

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