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FN 3361 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a community?

A

A grouping of people who reside in a specific space or locality, have shared values and interact within a social system

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2
Q

What are the 4 components to a community?

A
  1. People
  2. Location in Space
  3. Social Interaction
  4. Shared Values
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3
Q

What to do we have to do when going into a community to try and help them?

A

Need to align with their values and ways so we can better accommodate and help them

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4
Q

What is community nutrition?

A

Discipline that strives to prevent disease and to improve the health nutrition and wellbeing of individuals and groups within communities

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5
Q

What is community nutrition discipline founded on?

A

Epidemiology
Food
Nutrition
Human behaviour

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6
Q

What is the main goal of community nutrition?

A

Preventing illness from actually happening

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7
Q

What are the 3 P’s Community nutrition focuses on?

A

People: we want to change a group of people

Policy: Make the environment change through policy fo we can make the health choice an easy one

Programs: Interments we use to try and change behaviour

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8
Q

IN the concept of health what is the “population by stages of diseases continuum”?

A 
Goes from:
Well population
At Risk
Established disease
Controlled chronic disease
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9
Q

What is the goal under well population?

A

We have disease prevention

  • promote healthy behaviours and environments across the life span
  • Create supportive environments
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10
Q

What is the goal under at risk?

A

Secondary prevention/Early detection

  • Screening
  • Periodic health exams
  • Early intervention
  • Control risk factors
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11
Q

What is the goal under established disease?

A

Disease management and tertiary prevention

  • Treatment and acute care
  • Complications management
  • self management
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12
Q

What is health promotion?

A

The process of enabling people to achieve their max potential for good health
-science and art of helping people change their lifestyle toward a state of optimal health

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13
Q

What is the desired outcome of health promo?

A

Behaviour change

-which is sometimes hard to achieve

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14
Q

What are strategies for promoting good health ?

A 
Safe environment
Enhance immunity
Sensible Behaviour
Good nutrition
Well born child
Prudent health care
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15
Q

What are the 3 major challenges for promoting health?

A
  1. Disadvantaged groups have poorer health
  2. Preventable. diseases undermine quality of life
  3. Chronic disease suffers aren’t able to enjoy life to the fullest
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16
Q

What is health considered?

A

A resource to help you be productive BUT health is also an outcome

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17
Q

What is the new vision of health?

A

Health as a part of everyday living

Health as a resource

Health recognized freedom of choice and gain satisfaction of living

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18
Q

What are the national health challenges facing Canadians?

A

Reducing inequities
Increasing the prevention effort
Enhancing people capacity to cope

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19
Q

How do we solve challenges?

A

There are 2 questions to ask:

  1. What mechanisms are needed to effectively respond to the emerging challenges
  2. What strategies or processes can we implement in order to meet these challenges
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20
Q

What have we moved away from in terms of educating people on health?

A

Moved away from pamphlets and we are going to have to teach people skills and provide resource and environments that they need

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21
Q

In achieving health for all, what are health promotion mechanisms?

A

Self care
-decision and actions people take in the interest of their own health

Mutual aid
-actions people take to help each other cope

Health environments
-creation fo conditioned and surroundings conducive to health

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22
Q

In achieving health for all, how are we going to implement these strategies?

A
  1. Fostering public participation
  2. Strengthening community health services
  3. Coordinating healthy public policy
23
Q

What is Canadas healthy eating strategy?

A 
Improving healthy eating info
Protecting vulnerable populations
Strengthening labelling and claims
Improving nutrition quality standards
Supporting increased. access to and availability. of nutrition foods
24
Q

Under strengthening labelling and claims, what are some highlights?

A

Group sugar based ingredients in brackets after the name sugars

Using bullets or commas to separate ingredients

Using both upper and lower case ingredients in the list

More consistency with serving size

25
Q

What are social and economic trends for community nutrition?

A

Aging population
Generalization diversity
Increasing ethnic diversity
Increasing emphasis on addressing health disparities
Challenges of the 21st century lifestyle
Increasing awareness of environmental nutrition issues
Global environmental. challenges

26
Q

What is the history pot public health?

A

Clean water to populations
Prevent infectious disease
Monitor population health through surveillance
Understand spread of disease
Acknowledge social determinants of health
Inspect and regulate food products

27
Q

What was the first surveillance system?

A

Bills of mortality

28
Q

What is public health?

A

Organized efforts of society to jeep people healthy and prevent injury illness and premature death

  • focuses on entire populations to prevent people from becoming sick/getting sicker
  • public generally unaware of PH interventions
29
Q

What are the levels of Public health?

A 
WHO
Public health agency of Canada
Public health Ontario
-research
Government of Ontario
-LHIN
-CHC
-Hospitals
-OHIP
-Public Health Units
30
Q

What are LHINs?

A

Local Health integration networks

-Get money from government and divide it into regional areas

31
Q

What are CHCs?

A

Community health centres

-set up areas that are more at risk/requiring more support

32
Q

What is the Ontario Public Health Standards 2018?

A

Minimum requirements for the provision of mandatory public health programs and services in ontario
-if they want money these standards must be followed

33
Q

What are the OPHS program standards grouped under?

A
  1. Chronic disease prevention and wellbeing
  2. Food Safety
  3. Healthy environments
  4. Healthy growth and development
  5. Immunization
  6. Infectious and communicable diseases prevention and control
  7. Safe water
  8. School health
  9. Substance use and injury prevention
34
Q

What re the Ontario Public Health Guidelines?

A

Provide direction on how boards of health sell approach specific. requirements identified within the standard

  • how to approach standards
  • already include health promotion model
35
Q

What are the Chronic Disease prevention guidelines?

A

Public health interventions are informed by:

  1. Assessment of the factors for and distribution of chronic disease
  2. Consultation and collaboration with stakeholders
  3. Assessment of existing programs and services to build an assets and minimize duplication
  4. Topics: built environment, healthy eating behaviours, healthy sexuality, mental and oral health etc
36
Q

What are some key public health concepts?

A
  1. Upstream approach
    - Address the causes of. the causes
  2. Proportionate universalism
    - reduce inequalities
  3. Life course approach
    - Recognize critical periods as well as cumulative effects
  4. Intersectoral approach
    - individual supports to organizational change
  5. Population health pyramid
37
Q

What is the population health impact pyramid?

A

as you increase individual effort needed, population impact increases

38
Q

What are the levels of the population health pyramid?

A 
Socioeconomic factors
Changing the context to make individuals default decision health
Long lasting protective interventions 
Clinical interventions
Counselling and education
39
Q

What are Ontario public health protocols?

A

Tell the Health unfits for to meet the standards
-PHU must collect and use timely data obtained from multiple sources and methods to conduct populations health assessment and surveillance

40
Q

What is the population health approach?

A

Focuses on the health of the population as w hole and subgroups within the population

Addresses the entire range of factors that contribute to our well-being

41
Q

What is the overall goal of the population health approach ?

A

maintain and improve the health of the entire population while reducing the inequalities

42
Q

What are the values and assumptions of the population health approach?

A

Health is a result of personal health practices and the environments within which people live

Environments must be based on social justice and equity

Comprehensive action needed on all determinants of health, based on knowledge from research and practice

meaningful participation of people in decision making

Aim to change social values and strictures.

43
Q

What does evidence based decision making ensure?

A

Focus on the right issues needed in the community
Take effective action
Protect sound results

44
Q

What does evidence based decision making include?

A

Research studies
Evaluation Studies of projects programs and policies
Experiential knowledge and learning

45
Q

With who should we take action with?

A

Individual/intrapersonal

  • change individual behaviour
  • Targets of intervention: characteristic of individual

Family/Interpersonal

  • focus on social relationships
  • most interventions focus on changing individuals through social influence/changing social norms
46
Q

What are the community factors in with whom we take action with?

A

Mediatinig structires
-girl guides etc: can get to people through these groups

Relationships among organizations
-get community agencies working together so they aren’t competing for small amount of $

Power
-different neighbourhoods have different levels of power in bringing forth ideas to benefit their neighbourhood

47
Q

What specific areas are of concern when dealing with organizational factors in which we take action with?

A

Use organizational characteristics to support behavioural change
-in different meetings with different groups and bring up health

Focus on organizational change as a target for health promotion
-Get organizations to provide healthier options

Value the organizational context in the diffusion of health promotion efforts
-want program to become part of the organization

48
Q

What is the goal of section/system public policy?

A

Strengthen the ability of mediating structures to influence policy thereby strengthening their ability to meet the needs of their members

49
Q

ON what should we take action?

A

Determinants of health

50
Q

How do we take action?

A

Ottawa charter for health promotion

51
Q

What are the action strategies for the Ottawa charter?

A

Strengthen community action
Build Healthy public policy
Create supportive environments
Develop personal skills Reorient health services

52
Q

In using the PHP model, what does it focus on?

A

The determinants of health
Specific Health concern
Specific group of people

53
Q

What are some examples of using the PHP model?

A

Focus on children in love income families and work with the school (community)to provide healthy breakfasts and snacks (supportive environment). Would support a health diet (personal health practice)

AN industry (sector) could examine the effects of their policies (working conditions) and can adopt health enhancing options (healthy policy)

FN 3361 (7 decks)

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