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FN 3361 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Londons food charter and food policy council?

A

Every person from the food system is there to decide on the charter
‘
Vision you want to see in the community an the shared visions of what you want the community to look like in terms of food consumption

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2
Q

How did London start the food policy council?

A

London youth network but they don’t like that cause the charter would get lost. They wanted a food policy council to keep it relevant. Council needs to be dedicated to that focus so it doesn’t get lost

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3
Q

What are the goals of the London food policy council?

A
  • Provide a forum for discussing local food issues
  • Empower citizens to be involved in foo system decisions
  • Fostere coordination between sectors in the food system
  • Create, evaluate and influence policy
  • Support programs and services that address local needs
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4
Q

What is a community food assessment?

A

Identified strengths and assets in the region, priorities for action, and opportunities for food system change

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5
Q

What are the priorities of a community food assessment?

A

Food waste reduction
Food literacy
Food processing and distribution
Small scan agriculture production

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6
Q

What is the urban agriculture strategy?

A 
Growing
-urban farms
Processing
-Community kitchens
Distribution
-Farmers market
Food loss and recovery
-Food waste reduction
Education and connection
-Food hubs
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7
Q

What is Ontarios F&N strategy?

A
  1. Healthy food Access
  2. Food Literacy & Skills
  3. Healthy Food systems (the bigger picture)
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8
Q

What is the overall goal of Ontarios F&N strategy?

A

Whole system approach to improve health and well being of ontarians and support our food systems

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9
Q

How do we address healthy food access?

A

Increase:

  • individual and household food security
  • use of healthy, local food by public sector organizations

Decrease:
-access to high calorie, low nutrient F&B and snacks

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10
Q

How do we address food literacy and skills ?

A

Increase:

  • healthy eating knowledge, skills, capacity
  • Access to public information about healthy eating through retailers and food services
  • Availability of professional nutrition service
  • Services for at risk populations

Decrease:
Advertisement of unhealthy F&B

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11
Q

What are some examples of healthy food systems?

A

Food production and economic development
-increse recruitment and skill building to expand workforce and protection for farm and food workers

Food systems excellence and innovation
Increase demand and preference for Ontario food in all markets and innovative financing

Environmental protection

  • increase recognition of ecosystem goods and services
  • decrease food waste
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12
Q

How do we use the NFB to fight against social assistance?

A

Tool calculates a standardized basket of foods that meets recommendations and reflects average Canadian food purchases

Proves that social assistance isn’t enough to support a NFB

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13
Q

Why are recommendations useless when houses lack…?

A

When households do not have enough money two buy groceries

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14
Q

How should we frame FI as a problem?

A

As a problem of income inadequacy with income as the solution

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15
Q

What can NFB costing be used to?

A

Educate about cost of food and housing relative to social assistance rates and minimum wage

Help community organizations build capacity for health equity advocacy

Support boards of health to write advocacy letters to provincial ministries

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16
Q

What is Canadas food price report?

A

See an increase in:

  • Vegetable prices
  • Cost of restaurant food
  • 3.5% (overall food prices)

Decrease:
-Cost of meat and seafood

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17
Q

What were the major topics for Canadas food price report for 2019?

A
  • Trade uncertainty with USA
  • Global agriculture highy vulnerable to severe weather patterns
  • Cannabis and related food products
  • New food guide
  • Increase interest in plant based proteins
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18
Q

What are some of the drivers of food prices?

A

Increase

  • Climate (extreme weather)
  • Geopolitical risk (USA)
  • Input costs (Price of fuel)
  • Inflation

Decrease

  • Food retail and distribution (sweeping tighter from farmers)
  • Policy contacts (tariffs)
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19
Q

For the global food supply, what are the main crops and where do we get them?

A

wheat, maize, rice, and soybeans

-USA, Brazil and Black Sea ports

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20
Q

What are chokepoints and how many are there?

A

14 critical locations that keep global food supply flowing

-if they are blocked can cause problems and disruption

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21
Q

What happens when disruption in chokepoints occurs during harvest?

A

There is a crisis

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22
Q

What has china done?

A

Reduced risk by building a railway across South America and by owning maritime ports around the world

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23
Q

who is hungry and malnourished?

A

1 billion people go hungry everyday

2 billion people people are overweight/obese
-~1/3 of worlds population

10 million children < 5 die every year

24
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

Can be either:

-under/over nutrition

25
Q

What is secondary malnutrition?

A

Prevention of nutrient absorption (diarrhea)

Diversion of nutrients to parasites (hookworm)

26
Q

What are micronutrient malnutrition?

A

Hidden Hunger

-key deficiencies: Fe Iodine and Vit A

27
Q

What is PEM?

A

Protein energy malnutrition

-marasmus or kwashiorkor

28
Q

What is marasmus?

A 
To waste away/starve
Infancy to 16months but can also occur in adults
Skin and bones (little old people)
Hearts are weak and muscles are wasted
Immune system is severely weakened
-decreases brain development
-increases death
29
Q

What is Kwashiorkor?

A

Disease that affects the first child when the second one is born (when breastfeeding stopped)

  • diet increases carbs and decreases protein
  • Fluid can accumulate
  • Irritable, sad and no appetite
  • body digests own protein=weakness, apathy
  • No PRO= fatty liver can lead to death
30
Q

When does hunger and malnutrition happen?

A

In developing/low income countries

  • hunger often follows the rhythm of the seasons
  • there is seasonality in the production, price and availability of food

In developed/high income countries
-food is available 24/7

31
Q

Where does hunger and malnutrition happen?

A 
Absolut hunger
-Sub saharan africa/South Asia
Relative hungeer
-developed countries
Micronutrient deficiencies
-Worldwide
Overweight and Obesity
-Worldwide
32
Q

Why does undernutriiton occur?

A 
Poverty is the number 1 reason
Not inadequate food production 
Food waste
Corruption
Tobacco consumption
Climate crisis
"Land Grabs"
Legacy of colonialism
Migration to cities 
HIV/AIDS
Uneven investment in agriculture
Population Growth
33
Q

Why is poverty the number one reason for undernutrition?

A

poor people have night land nor money

-900 million people live on <1.90$/day

34
Q

Why is undernutrition not related to food production?

A

World produces sufficient food to provide approximately 2720kcal per person/day

35
Q

How is undernutrition related food waste?

A

1/3 to 1/2 of all food produced is wasted

Enough to feed 3 billion people every year

Food waste > 14% of global CO2 emissions

36
Q

How is undernutrition related to corruption?

A

Puts poor people at extreme disadvantage

Undermines whole economies

  • bribes to do things
  • lack of stability, greater difference between rich and poor
37
Q

Why is undernutrition related to tobacco consumption?

A

84% of smokers live in developing countries

Diverts income from food purchases

38
Q

Why is undernutrition related to climate crisis?

A

Severe weather affects crop production, harvest and distribution
-countries who focus more locally have a bigger impact when there is a disruption in their production

39
Q

Why does undernutrition relate to land grabs?

A

Rich countries are buying land to prevent future food shortages in their own countries
-Creates lots of tension because people in the country can’t buy the food being produced for another country

40
Q

Why does undernutrition relate to legacy of colonialism ?

A

Crops grown for export rather than local consumption

Europeans divided 000’s indigenous groups in Africa into about 40 colonies. (>conflict, war)
-wars always impact food insecurity

41
Q

Why does undernutrition relate to migration to cities?

A

People become dependent on others for food

50% now live in cities> planet of slums
-not possibly in some of these cities because there are too many people and not enough space to grow food

42
Q

How does undernutrition relate to HIV/AIDS?

A

Loss of productive members of society means households can’t buy food

Undermines agriculture because workers die

43
Q

How does undernutrition relates to an uneven investment in agriculture?

A

Agricultural subsidies in the Global North (USA can drive down work prices cause the government can subsidies the prices)

Decreased investment in the Global South

44
Q

How does undernutrition relate to population growth?

A

Estimated to be 9 billion people by 2050

Growth occurring in low income countries
-in low income countries where there is little food

45
Q

What are the causes for?

A 
The nutrition transition
Food environments
Increasing incomes
Increasing. anxiety
24/7 availability 
Ne means of preservation
New processing techniques
New teech
New marketing methods
46
Q

How is the nutrition transition related to over nutrition?

A

Worldwide dietary short from basic staples to foods high in fat and sugar and refined carbs

Worldwide increase in obesity, blood pressure, heart disease and diabetes

Many countries now have undernutrition and over nutrition (double burden of disease)

47
Q

How are new means of preservation related to over nutrition?

A

Foods can be eastern long after they are grown and harvested

48
Q

How are new processing techniques related to over nutrition?

A

Shelf stable products can be transported and consumed much later

49
Q

How are new technologies related to overnutrition?

A

Results in new food products

instant coffeee and cheese. whiz

50
Q

How are new marketing methods related to overnutritioin?

A

Create world-wide demand for products

51
Q

What are women roles. in FI?

A

Most affected by food insecurity but carry the food and nutrition responsibilities for families and communities in the entire food chain

  • they are the nutrition care givers in the family, ensuring that children are feed first
  • they make up 43% of agricultural labour. force but rarely participate in decision making or leadership
52
Q

What are some solutions to roles of women in agriculture?

A

Gender inequalities in distribution of unpaid care work (globally) deprive women of opportunities for paid work, education and political participation

To achieve sustainable development peace and security gender disparities in agriculture food security and nutrition must be addressed

53
Q

What goals related to women are in the sustainable development goals?

A

Zero hunger and Gender equality

-the 2 are mutually reinforcing and enabling factors for sustainable development

54
Q

What must be a priotirty in trade and agricultural policies?

A

Women’s needs and rights must be a priority

55
Q

What does there need to be a greater investment in?

A

Agriculture in developing countries

  • where 98% of the hungry live and where food production needs to double by 2050
  • this could lift hundreds of thousands of people out of poverty and hunger and contribute to economic growth
56
Q

Why is it necessary to develop and implement policies and programs that enhance womens lives?

A
  • Access to financial tech, extensions and marketing services
  • Control over resources such as land, income, inheritance, land tenure security, common property and resources, equal access to justice and legal support
  • Involvement in climate reliant agriculture
57
Q

What can control and ownership do for women?

A

Control and ownership of assets can:

  • provide women with stronger fallback positions
  • enhance womens bargaining power within the household
  • Enhance womens capacity for economic independence
  • Provide role models for children

FN 3361 (7 decks)

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