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FN 3361 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a situational assessment?

A

Systematic process to gather analyze, synthesize and communicate data to inform planning decision about the goals, objectives, target audiences and activities of a health promotion program
-snapshot of the present

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2
Q

Why is it good to do a situational assessment?

A

A situational assessment is conducted early in the program planning process
-Good planning decisions draw upon good data

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3
Q

what should situational/need assessments have?

A
  • Show the positive (strengths and assists as well as needs and deficits)
  • Be the result of ongoing meaningful input from the intended audiences
  • Look broadly and deeply at health issues
  • Be complete, convincing, credible and compelling
  • Look for socio-environmental determinants of health
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4
Q

Why do a situational assessment?

A
  • To learn more about a population
  • Anticipate trends and issues that may affect the implementation of sastrategy
  • Identify community wants needs and assets
  • Set priorities
  • Inform pending decision regarding strategy
  • Help write funding proposals
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5
Q

How do you identify trends in a community the fastest

A

By talking to the community vs waiting for the national survey to come out and analyze that

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6
Q

What are the 6 steps to conducting a situational assessment?

A
  1. Identify key questions to be answered
  2. Develop a data gathering plan
  3. Gather the data
  4. Organize, synthesize and summarize data
  5. Communicate the info
  6. Consider how to proceed with planning
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7
Q

In the first step of conducting a situational assessment what are the things that make up the situation?

A
  • Look at the impact of the current situation (on health, outcomes, quality of life)
  • Look at people at increased risk
  • Settings (high risk or opportunities for intervention)
  • Stakeholders perceptions, capacities, interests, mandates, current activities
  • Needs and perceptions of key community members and community at large
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8
Q

In the 1st step of conduction a situational assessment, in what ways makes the situation better/worse?

A
  • High risk/negative health behaviours
  • Underlying causes/conditions (multiple levels)
  • Protective factors
  • Consider what may affect your course of action (SWOT)
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9
Q

In the 1st step of conducting a situational assessment what can we look at to see what’s being done/already has been done?

A

What other organizations have done

Policies, programs, environmental supports

Evaluation data available

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10
Q

What is the best available evidence to support various courses of action?

A

The kind that can support what you are going to do in the best way possible

Evidence that will be good and of use

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11
Q

In step one of conducting a situational assessment what are the 3 main things we need to ask ourselves?

A
  1. What is the situation
  2. What makes situation better/worse
  3. What are possible actions
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12
Q

IN step 2 of conducting a situational assessment what determines what needs to be done for a data gathering plan?

A

Questions developed in step 1 will determine data needed

Organize sources of data, tasks and persons responsible

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13
Q

For the data gathering plan what do you need?

A

Diverse types of data

Different types of methods of data collection

Varied sources of data

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14
Q

What are the different types of data that we can have?

A

Qualitative and quantitative

  • community health status indicators
  • Polling/survey
  • Community stories/testimonials
  • evaluation findings
  • Research findings
  • Cost/benefit data
  • Syntheses and guidelines
  • Best/recommended practices
  • stakeholder mandates agendas and policies
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15
Q

When gathering data under population, what things can you evaluate for?

A

Demographics
Socio-economic status
Living and working conditions
Geography

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16
Q

When gathering data under health status, what things can you evaluate for?

A

Mortality
Morbidity
Health and wellness

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17
Q

When gathering data under behavioural factors, what things can you evaluate for?

A

Health services Seeking behaviours
Health Behaviours
Elements of behaviour change

18
Q

When gathering data under environmental factors, what things can you evaluate for?

A

Social environment
Natural and Built environment
Socio-Political Aspects of environmental change

19
Q

What are the different methods of data collection?

A
  • Consulting with stakeholders (interviews, focus groups)
  • Engage in direct observation
  • Conduct environmental scans
  • Conduct surveys
  • Search literature
  • Examine existing large data sets
20
Q

What are some varied sources of data?

A
  • Community service organizations
  • Polling companies
  • Community members/spokespersons
  • Public Libraries
  • COnsultants
  • Websites
  • Resource Centres
  • Researchers
  • Government departments
  • Private sector
21
Q

Why are communist health status reports good?

A 
They are a good place to start before going to the literature
-have info on everything from:
demographics
injuries
deaths
lifestyle behaviours
hospitalizations etc
22
Q

Why is the city of London a good resource?

A

Several up to date resources about London:

  • population characteristics
  • social issues
  • neighbourhood profiles
  • community snapshots
23
Q

What is a rapid risk factor surveillance system?

A

Phone survey of 100 randomly selected ontaito adults, conducted months by researchers at YorkU

  • 15 min survey
  • 75 questions
  • costs 50,000
24
Q

Why and who uses rapid risk factor surveillance systems?

A

Participating health units have to pay a fee and they decide what questions they want to ask in a given survey

  • Info used by health units to plan programs
  • provides more community specific data than larger surveys
25
Q

What is food and nutrition surveillance?

A

The collection, integration, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of food and nutrition data

26
Q

What are some fund and nutrition surveillance actives?

A
  • Collecting data on what Canadians are eating
  • Measuring contaminant levels in some foods
  • developing methodological and data collection tools and standards
  • Providing guidance on interpreting surveillance data
  • Analyzing and interpreting data to inform programs and policies
27
Q

What does the Canadian community health survey look at?

A

Annual national, cross-sectional survey from stats can for health surveillance and population health research

  • supports local health units by prolonging them with timely information to evaluate existing programs and design new ones suited to their communities
  • *get info on Canadians so we plan programs for Canadians done by government
28
Q

What are key findings we can derive from the Canadian community health survey??

A

Food and nutrient intake
Food insecurity
Overweight and obesity
Breastfeeding practices

29
Q

What kind of information does public health Ontario provide?

A

Evidence briefs: short summaries of the evidence on key public health topics

  • Purpose is to investigate a research question in a timely manner to help inform decision making
  • They do not report the same level of detail as a full systematic review
30
Q

What is the other information Public health ontario provides?

A

Snapshots: Collection of interactive tables, maps, and graphs of geographic and temporal trends for key public health indicators but the public health unit, local health integration network and Ontario overall

31
Q

Why is the public health agency of Canada a good resource?

A

Empowers canadians to improve their health though:

  • puublic health notices
  • Travel health
  • Health promotion
  • Food safety
  • Chronic disease
  • Infectious disease
32
Q

Why is the national collaborating centre for methods and tools a good resource?

A

Supports public health professionals in using evidence in their decisions making practices

Health evidence: Quality rated systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions
-search the published literature and compile public health relevant reviews- eliminating the ned to search and screen individual databases

33
Q

Why is stats can a good reference?

A

Health indicator framework: Measuring health status, determinants of health, health system performance and community nd health system characteristics
-data used to calculate the indicators are the most recently available and represent a wide range of sources including the census

Provides infographics

34
Q

What are is the public health g real literature sources?

A

Unpublished reports often called grey literature that has not been peer reviewed (usually done by non-researchers)

  • may provide useful information about what worked and what didn’t so you can avoid others mistakes
  • Good way to engage community members and e
35
Q

In step 3 of conducting a situational assessment, what are they key things to do to gather data?

A

Stay on time and within budget
Keep good records on where you obtained the data
-peer-reviewed journal/unpublished?
-Keep good notes about which sources of data are meant to answer specific questions

36
Q

What is the difference between primary’s secondary data?

A

Primary: collected data by you

Secondary data: collected by someone else

  • existing data, literature search
  • document search terms, inclusion and exclusion criteria
  • cheap
37
Q

In step 4 of conducting a situational assessment what are the 3 questions you need to ask when organizing the information ?

A
  1. What is the situation
  2. What makes status better/worse
  3. What are possible actions?
38
Q

When organizing data, what is the situation and how to we deal with it?

A

Synthesize

  • Use charts and maps for visual representation of info
  • sort data based on relative importance of the source

Summarize
-develop a concise summary

39
Q

When organizing data, what makes the situation better/worse and how do we deal with it?

A

Synthesize and summarize

  • Present findings within an ecological approach
  • most factors are both +/-
  • Can help to identify gaps in data
40
Q

When organizing data what are possible actions and how do we deal with it?

A

Synthesize and summarize

  • list ideas about possible actions to address the situation
  • SWOT analysis
41
Q

What do we have to keep in mind when developing a communication plan?

A 
Who needs the info/ best way to deliver info
Different stakeholders will want the info in different ways
Written report (for superiors)
Graphs, charts and stories
42
Q

During the last step, how for you proceed with planning?

A

After organizing data, evaluate the situational assessment results and decide how to proceed

Base decision on quality and quantity of data and you understanding about how to improve the situation with your resources

FN 3361 (7 decks)

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