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FN 3361 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is food insecurity?

A

The inadequate or insecure access to food due to financial constraints

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2
Q

How many people in Canada are affected by food insecurity?

A
  1. 6% of households

- 4 Million people (probably an underestimate)

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3
Q

What does food insecurity contribute too?

A

Multiple chronic diseases (which increase healthcare costs)

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4
Q

What is food insecurity not related to?

A

Deficits in food skills/ use of gardens

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5
Q

How do you solve food insecurity?

A

Policy interventions that improve the material circumstances of at risk groups

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6
Q

What are the conditions that dieticians provide dietary advice for?

A 
Hypertension 
Heart Disease
Diabetes 
Bowl Disorders 
-but doesnt solve the root problem
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7
Q

What does a low food security normally lead to?

A

More likely that more people in this category are going to have a chronic condition

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8
Q

Do food insecure households cost more to health care?

A

Yes, Costs were much higher for food insecure houses

  • 23% higher (marginal FI)
  • 49% higher (moderate FI)
  • 121% higher (severe FI)

These results were undefended of other social determinants of health

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9
Q

In terms of food skills and food insecurity, do age sex education household structure and income matter?

A

Yes, all are statistically significant

-More likely to be food insecure if you are a young woman, less educated, single parent and have a low income

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10
Q

In terms of food skills and food insecurity, do income sources, and housing are statistically significant?

A

All characteristics are statistically significant

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11
Q

In terms of food purchasing does having a budget and using nutrition labels are statistically significant?

A

Yes, more likely to use a budget if FI and more likely to not look a nutrition labels

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12
Q

What are the categories in terms of food skills and FI that are not statistically significant?

A

Plan meals before shopping
Use written grocery list
Use Canadas food guide

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13
Q

In terms of peoples self rated cooking ability, are those categories statistically significant?

A

No, they are basically the same

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14
Q

In terms of recipe adjustment, are those categories statistically significant?

A

No

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15
Q

What are the statistics on people who use gardens and their food security status?

A

Food secure 43.5%

  • Have own home & space
  • more funds to start and maintain garden

Food insecure 29.4%
-living in apartment not enough space

There is significant difference between groups

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16
Q

Why are gardens useful?

A

Intervention to help FI people gains access to cheaper healthier foods

  • can be therapeutic
  • give sense of purpose
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17
Q

What was FI not significantly associated with?

A

Use of gardens for food

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18
Q

What is FI a function of?

A

Income
Housing tenure
Main Source of Income
Household Composition

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19
Q

When food sources. are scarce what takes precedence in terms of food choices?

A

Price and food preferences of the family

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20
Q

What is the strongest predictor of find insecurity?

A

Low income

-50K when you see low. numbers of FI and little difference as you increase

21
Q

In terms of income, what can contribute to FI?

A

The source of income

-people on social assistance do not get enough money to properly eat (healthily)

22
Q

What did NFL do to reduce poverty?

A

Increase income support rates indexed rates to. inflation

Increase Earning Exemptions

Increase Health Benefits

Increase low income-tax threshold

Increase affordable housing

Increase liquid asset limits
-none of these are directly related to food but they reduced the FI levels

23
Q

What is advocacy?

A

Critical population health strategy that emphasizes collective action to effect systemic change
-trying to help a whole group of people

24
Q

What does advocacy focus on?

A

Changing upstream factors related to the social determinants of health, and explicitly recognizes the importance of engaging in political processes to effect desired policy changes at organizational and system levels

25
Q

Why are programs not the best?

A

They are valuable in the short term but doesnt solve the greater problem

26
Q

What does advocacy influence?

A

decision making to create positive hinge for people and their environments

27
Q

What is the purpose of public health?

A

To improve the lives of all people not just individual counselling
-advocacy is a key component of the Ottawa charter for health promotion and a core competency in public health

28
Q

What past advocacy actives did dietitians Canada do?

A

Social assistance
-food baskets to support social assistance rates
-continue special diet allowance program
Childhood healthy weights
-address food insecurity through poverty reduction
-incorporate evidence informeFN education
Professional standards
-Allow dietetic tech an diet clerks to access Electronic Health Records
-standardized terminology
Food Regulation and Labeling
Dietitian services covered under employee health plans
Food Systems
Health Care System

29
Q

What are the advocacy priorities for DC?

A

Home Care
-Dieticians support home based nutrition services that are easy to access, prevent malnutrition and minimize fiscal and social costs
Longterm care
-Proposed intro of administrative monetary penalties and re inspection fees
Primary Health Care
-Dieticians delver cost effective nutritional interventions

30
Q

In actions for advocacy, what is a downstream approach?

A

Looking at individuals and individual change

-is important but less people involved

31
Q

What is meant by Action 1: strengthening individuals?

A

Using behaviour change theories to increase people abilities, habits food skills etc.
-case advocacy

32
Q

What is meant by representational or client advocacy?

A

Advocate for getting them to change their behaviour

33
Q

What is meant bu Action 2: Strengthening communities?

A

Getting the community to work together and help each other out

  • building social cohesion through mutual support
  • case advocacy
34
Q

What is community development advocacy?

A

Get the community to work together to change things

-empowerment for action

35
Q

What is an upstream approach?

A

Advocating for a cause bs a case

36
Q

What is meant by Action 3: Improving living and working conditions?

A

Initiatives that work to improve living and working condition including access to care and services
-cause advocacy

37
Q

What is social policy reform advocacy?

A

Trying to reform policy and advocating to the people that makes these policy decisions
-try to influence policy making

38
Q

What is mean by Action 4: Promoting healthy macro-policies?

A

Higher level policies with interventions that locate the causes of health inequalities in the overarching macroeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions and work to promote healthy macro policies

39
Q

What is community activism advocacy/?

A

How to contact people in politics, write letters to politicians, what to do in the meeting
-to challenge causes of poor health more directly

40
Q

What is market justice?

A 
Self determination and self discipline
Individualism and self interest
Benefits based solely on personal effort
Limited obligation to collective good
Limited government intervention
Voluntary and moral nature of behaviour
-you are responsible for your own success and behaviours
41
Q

What is social justice?

A

Shared reponsiblitiy
Interconnection and cooperation
Basic benefits should be assured
Strong obligation to collective good
Government involvement is necessary
Community well being supersedes individual well being
-strong obligation to make sure everyone in society is taken care of

42
Q

What are the 4 roles of public health?

A
  1. Framing the issue
  2. Gathering and disseminating data
  3. Working in collaboration and developing alliances
  4. Using the legal and regulatory system
43
Q

Why does framing make a difference?

A

Will be able to better convince people

-looking at more landscape of the issue vs the portrait

44
Q

How does gathering and disseminating data play a role in public health?

A

Assessing needs
Framing issues
Identifying solutions
Evaluating the impact of activities

45
Q

How does working in collaboration and developing alliances play a role in public health?

A
  • Coalitions spring together organization to amplify their political power
  • Helpful for public health workers when they need to speak out against government policies
  • Academics and professional associations have a special responsibility to join citizens in advocacy
46
Q

How does using the legal and regulatory system play a role in pubic health?

A

Specific to health
-infectious disease control, food safety
Other sectors
-education, income assistance, taxation

47
Q

How do food environments shape choices?

A

Physical
-# and type of food outlets, and food availability
Economic
-Food costing compared to Social assistance allowance / minimum wage
Socio-cultural
-Less food preparation, more use of processed foods
Political
-Priority of food safety is evident in public health
-most policies are still at the individual level

48
Q

How do we move beyond individual behaviour change?

A
  1. Address root causes of nutrition problems
  2. Work with others to advocate for social change at all levels
  3. Recognize that social change addresses the complicity of determinants of healthy eating
49
Q

In trying to move beyond individual behaviour change how should we think in terms of interrelated systems?

A

Acknowledge that food banks are not solving a complex problem

Rethink phrases such as all foods can fit or part of a healthy diet

Question food industry sponsorship of our conferences

FN 3361 (7 decks)

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