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Anatomy 2018 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the sensory nerve distribution to the shoulder that is contributed by the suprascapular nerves.

A

come from the cervical plexus (C3-4) to supply the skin over the clavicle and over the superior-lateral aspect of the pectoralis major

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2
Q

Describe the sensory nerve distribution to the shoulder that is contributed by the cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami.

A

supply skin on either side of the midline of the back ; penetrate deep and superficial back muscles

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3
Q

Describe articulating bones, structural and functional classification, and ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint.

A

Articulating bones:
Articular notch on sternum
Sternal end of the clavicle
First costal cartilage

Structural Type: synovial
Shallow, saddle
Articular disc

Functional Type: Diarthrotic ; Triaxial
Ligaments: 
Anterior/Posterior sternoclavicular ligaments 
Costoclavicular ligament 
Interclavicular ligament
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4
Q

Describe articulating bones, structural and functional classification, and ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint.

A

Articulating bones:
Concave facet on acromion process (scapula)
Convex facet on lateral end of clavicle

Structural Type: Synovial ; plane

Functional Type:
Triaxial ; Diarthrotic (gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle)

Ligaments:
Acromioclavicular
Coracoclavicular (trapezoid and conoid ligaments)

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5
Q

Describe articulating bones, structural and functional classification, and ligaments of the glenohumoral joint.

A

Articulating bones:
Glenoid fossa of scapula
Head of humerous

Structural Type: Synovial ; ball and socket

Functional Type:
• Triaxial
• Diarthrotic
• Up to 1 inch of passive distraction

Ligaments:
Glenohumoral (superior, middle, and inferior portions)
Coracoacromial

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6
Q

Describe innervation, attachments, and actions of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

A

Innervation: Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6-C8)

Proximal Attachments: Spines of TV7-12 and lumbar sacral vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia ; posterior iliac crest and ribs 9-12

Distal Attachments: Floor of intertubercular (bicipital) groove

Actions: extends, adducts, and internally rotates the humerus

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7
Q

Describe innervation, attachments, and actions of the Levator scapulae muscle

A

Innervation: C3-C5 and Dorsal scapular nerve (from C5)

Proximal Attachments: Transverse processes of CV1-4

Distal Attachments: Medial border of scapula at level of and above the spine

Actions: Elevates scapula at the superior medial angle and assists in the downward rotation of the scapula

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8
Q

Describe innervation, attachments, and actions of the Rhomboid muscles

A

Innervation: Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5)

Proximal Attachments: Spines of CV 7 and TV 1 and lower ligamentum nuchae (minor)

Distal Attachments: medial border of scapula from level of the spine inferiorly to the inferior angle

Actions: Adducts scapula ; rotates glenoid fossa downward ; fixes scapula to thoracic wall

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9
Q

Describe innervation, attachments, and actions of the subclavious muscles

A

Innervation: Nerve to subclavious (C5, C6)

Proximal Attachments: Junction of 1st rib and costal cartilage 1

Distal Attachments: Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Actions: anchors and depresses clavicle

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10
Q

Describe innervation, attachments, and actions of the pectoralis major muscles.

A

Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves ; Clavicular head (C5, C6) ; Sternal head (C7, C8, T1)

Proximal Attachments: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle ; anterior surface of the manubrium/body of the sternum ; costal cartilages (2-6)

Distal Attachments: Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Actions: adducts and medially rotates the humerus ; flexes clavicular head ; extends sternal head from flexed position ; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly (bc of it’s connection to the clavicle)

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11
Q

Describe innervation, attachments, and actions of the pectoralis minor muscles

A

Innervation: MP nerve (C8, T1)

Proximal Attachments: Ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages

Distal Attachments: Coracoid process

Actions: Draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

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12
Q

Describe innervation, attachments, and actions of the serratus anterior muscles

A

Innervation: LTN (C5-C7)

Proximal Attachments: external surface of the lateral parts of ribs1-8(9)

Distal Attachments: Anterior surface of media border of scapula

Actions: Protracts, fixes, and rotates scapula

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13
Q

Describe innervation, attachments, and actions of the trapezius complex muscles

A

Innervation: CN XI, C3, and C4

Proximal Attachments:
external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous process of CV7
• Spinous processes of TV1-6
• Spinous processes of TV7-12

Distal Attachments
Lateral 3rd of clavicle
Acromion and crest of scapular spine
Tubercle of scapular spine

Actions: elevates, adducts (retracts), and depresses scapula

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14
Q

Describe innervation, attachments, and actions of the deltoid muscles

A

Innervation: Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)

Proximal Attachments: Lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromion, and scapula

Distal Attachments: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Actions: Flexes, medially and laterally rotates, abducts, and extends humerus

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15
Q

Define “snubbing” in relation to movement of the humerus.

A

Pulling the humerus into the glenoid fossa, basically preventing it from coming out of the joint

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16
Q

List the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

“SITS”

17
Q

Identify the innervation and spinal cord levels, proximal/distal attachment(s) , actions, and vascular supply for the supraspinatous

A

Innervation and spinal cord levels: Suprascapular Nerve (C4, C5, C6)

Proximal attachment: Supraspinatous fossa of the scapula

Distal attachment: Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Action(s): Works with deltoid in abduction of the humerus; acts with other rotator cuff muscles to stabilize the shoulder joint

Vascular supply: Suprascapular Artery

18
Q

Identify the innervation and spinal cord levels, proximal/distal attachment(s) , actions, and vascular supply for the infraspinatous.

A

Innervation and spinal cord levels: Supracapular Nerve (C5, C6)

Proximal attachment: Infraspinatous fossa of the scapula

Distal attachment: Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Action(s): Laterally rotates the humerus and helps hold the humeral head in place

Vascular supply: Suprascapular artery

19
Q

Identify the innervation and spinal cord levels, proximal/distal attachment(s) , actions, and vascular supply for the teres minor

A

Innervation and spinal cord levels: Axillary Nerve (C5,C6)

Proximal attachment: Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula

Distal attachment: Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Action(s): Laterally rotates the humerus and helps hold the humeral head in place

Vascular supply: Circumflex scapular artery

20
Q

Identify the innervation and spinal cord levels, proximal/distal attachment(s) , actions, and vascular supply for the subscapularis.

A

Innervation and spinal cord levels: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

Proximal attachment: Subscapular fossa of scapula (anterior surface)

Distal attachment: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action(s): medially rotates and adducts the humerus ; helps hold humeral head in place

Vascular supply: suprascapular artery

21
Q

Explain how the upper and lower trapezius work to form a force couple that is capable of rotating the scapula

A

The upper and lower trapezius work to form a force couple that upwardly rotates the scapula

22
Q

Describe and explain the function of the glenoid labrum.

A

The glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilage meniscus that serves to deepen the articulating surface of the glenoid fossa

23
Q

Describe and explain the function of the Anterior/Posterior sternoclavicular ligaments:

A

reinforce the capsule and check anterior-posterior movement of the clavicular head

24
Q

Describe and explain the function of the Costoclavicular ligament:

A

serves as the axis for elevation and depression and for the protraction and retraction of the shoulder

It is the main check for elevation

25
Q

Describe and explain the function of the Superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments:

A

are weak and reinforce the joint capsule

26
Q

Describe and explain the function of the Coracoclavicular ligaments. differentiate the lateral and medial portions of this ligament.

A

provide joint stability and are often stronger than the clavicle

Lateral portion is the trapezoid ligament and the medial portion is the conoid ligament

27
Q

Define scapulohumeral rhythm.

A

The ability to perform relatively uninterrupted movement of upper extremity from dependent position to full abduction due to the simultaneous and coordinated movements of all “shoulder” joints

28
Q

Describe the contributions made by the glenohumoral, sternoclavicular, and acromioclavicular joints to scapulohumeral movement.

A

120 degree abduction from the glenohumoral joint

40 degrees from the sternoclavicular joint

20 degrees from the acromioclavicular joint

(60 degrees from scapulothoracic movement ; it all totals up to 180)

29
Q

Name the nerves involved in deltoid paralysis and in serratus anterior paralysis,

A

Deltoid paralysis: axillary nerve

Serratus anterior paralysis: Long thoracic nerve (causes winging of the scapula)

30
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles is most often torn?

A

The supraspinatous muscle

Anatomy 2018 (14 decks)

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