Lecture 20

Question 1

List and describe the 2pleural membranes that cover the lung and line the pleural cavities.

Answer 1

Visceral pleura covers and follows the indentations of the lung

Parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity and has it’s own subdivisions

Question 2

List the 4 subdivisions of the parietal pleura

Answer 2

Costal pleura on the ribs

Diaphragmatic pleura covers the diaphragm

Mediastinal pleura lies against he mediastinum

Cervical pleura extends above the level of the first rib

Question 3

Define the term pleura recess. Next, list and describe the 2 pleural recesses

Answer 3

Pleural recesses are large spaces or recesses formed by the reflection of parietal pleura from one area to another

Costodiaphragmatic recess: the space where the costal and diaphragmatic pleura meet

Costomediastinal recess: space where the mediastinal and costal pleura meet and allows for the expansion of the lungs during inspiration

Question 4

Describe the pleural reflections.

Answer 4

Pleura reflections: aka pleural cupula form a cervical dome of pleura that is level with the neck of the first rib and it’s anterior margin extends obliquely behind the sternoclavicular joint

Question 5

State the number and locations of the 5 lobes of the lungs. Do the same for the lobules and include what they are supplied by.

Answer 5

3 lobes on the right and 2 on the left

Lobules (bronchopulmonary segments) have 10 on the right and 8 on the left, all of which are supplied by tertiary bronchi

Question 6

For the right sided and left sided lobules, state the specific lobe that each lobule is found in.

Answer 6

Right side

Superior lobe: apical, posterior, and anterior lobules

Middle lobe: lateral and medial lobules

Inferior lobe: superior, anterior, medial basal, lateral basal, posterior basal lobules

Left side
Superior lobe: apicoposterior, anterior, lingular (divided into superior and inferior lobules) lobules

Inferior lobe: superior, anterior, medial basal, lateral basal, and posterior lobules

Question 7

Trace the flow of air through the bronchopulmonary tree, beginning with the primary bronchi and ending with the alveoli

Answer 7

Primary bronchi

Secondary bronchi (supply lobes)

Tertiary bronchi (supply lobules)

respiratory bronchi (first site where gas exchange occurs)

alveolar sacs

alveoli

Question 8

Give the angle between the two primary bronchi.

Answer 8

62 degrees

Question 9

Describe how the pulmonary arteries and lobar arteries supply the lungs

Answer 9

One pulmonary artery goes to each lung, and they are part of the root of the lung

Each pulmonary artery gives off a lobar artery

Question 10

Trace the arterial supply from the right atrium to the alveoli.

Answer 10

Right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lobar arteries –> Lobular arteries –> capillary beds in the alveoli

Question 11

Trace the arterial supply from its origin to the interstitium of the lung.

Answer 11

Descending aorta/ first aortic intercostal (right) artery –> bronchial arteries –> lung interstitium

Question 12

Trace the venous return from the alveoli and the interstitium.

Answer 12

Alveoli and interstitium –> bronchial veins –> azygos/accessory hemiazygos/ or left superior intercostal

Question 13

Describe the autonomic plexuses that supply the lung, including location and origin.

Answer 13

Anterior and posterior plexuses lie anterior and posterior to the roots of the lungs

They contain parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerve and sympathetic fibers from T1-4

They are related to the esophageal and aortic plexuses posteriorly