Lecture 16 Flashcards
List the five groups of vertebrae and numbers of each in the human vertebral column:
Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5
Caudal: 3-4
Identify the arterial supply of the following spinal cord components:
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacral vertebrae
Cervical vertebra receive blood from vertebral and cervical arteries
Thoracic vertebra receive blood from the posterior intercostal arteries
Lumbar vertebra receive blood from the subcostal and lumbar arteries
Sacral vertebra receive blood from the iliolumbar, medial, and sacral arteries.
Distinguish between primary and secondary curvatures of the vertebral column and correctly use the terminology related to normal and abnormal aspects of these curvatures.
Primary: a convex posteriorly curve that is present at birth
Present in the Thoracic and Sacral sections of the spine
kyphosis is the term associated with exaggerated primary curvature
Secondary: a concave posteriorly curvature that is acquired later in life
present in the Cervical and Lumbar sections of the spine
Lordosis is the term associated with exaggerated primary curvature
Transverse foramina and oblique articular facets are characteristics of what type of vertebrae?
Cervical
a “heart shaped” centrum, rib articulations, and long narrow spinous processes are characteristics of what type of vertebrae?
Thoracic
a large, bulky centrum, broad spinous processes, saggital articular facets and mamillary processes are all characteristics of what type of vertebrae?
Lumbar
Give the alternative names for C1, C2, and C7
C1: Atlas
C2: Axis
C7: Vertebra prominens
Describe the costal demifacets that are unique to Thoracic vertebrae. Explain why T1 is unique in this way.
They have 2 costal demifacets on the centrum for rib articulation.
The Superior costal demifacet is for it’s own rib and the inferior costal demifacet is for the rib inferior to it
The T1 vertebrae has a complete costal demifacet for it’s own rib (bc there isnt another thoracic vertebra superior to it to contribute the other half of the costal demifacet) and contributes a half of the costal demifacet for the rib inferior to it (rib 2)
What is the purpose of costal facet (not costal demifacet) of thoracic vertebrae? where is this located?
costal facets are for the tubercle of the rib of the same number
these costal facets are loacated on the transverse process of the vertebrae
What type of vertebra are mamillary processes found on, where are they located, and what is their function?
Lumbar vertebrae have mamillary processes on the back rim of each superior articular process
these processes serve as origin sites for the multifidi muscles
Describe what the sacrum is composed of, what the purpose of the alae is, and what the sacral promontory is.
It consists of 5 fused vertebrae
The wing-like processes of the fused vertebrae come together to form the alae, which articulates with the ilium
The sacral promontory is the lip of the centrum of the first sacral vertebra (fused)
list the 3 crests of the sacrum and what each crest is a fusion of.
The median crest = fused spinous processes
The intermediate crest = fused articular processes
Lateral crest = fused transverse processes
Describe the two components of the intervertebral discs and their contribution to the structure of an intervertebral disc.
Nucleus pulposus: avascular center portion of the intervertebral disc that absorbs shock/pads between vertebrae
Annulus fibrosus: fibrocartilage “rings” that surround and contain the nucleus pulposus component of the intervertebral discs
Relate motion of the apophyseal joints to facet orientation.
The facet orientation (way it’s facing) determines the range of motion for that portion of the vertebral column
Differentiate the six main ligaments of the vertebral column in relation to their location and function (anterior longitudinal, Posterior longitudinal, supra-spinous, inter-spinous, ligamentum flavum, and inter-transverse)
Anterior longitudinal: found on the anterior side of the disc
Limits extension and reinforces the anterior annulus fibers
Posterior longitudinal: found on the posterior side of the disc
Limits flexion and reinforces the posterior annulus fibers
Supra-spinous: runs longitudinally along the posterior edge of the spinous processes
Also called the ligamentum nuchae
Inter-spinous: runs between the spinous processes and lies anterior to the supra-spinous
Ligamentum flavum: extends from lamina to lamina and forms part of the roof of the vertebral canal
Limits flexion
Inter-transverse: found mostly in the lumbar region
