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Musculoskeletal Anatomy I > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main functions of core muscles

A

Balance/posture, Valsalva, proprioception, respiration, circulation

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2
Q

Where is the erector spinae Spinalis located

A

Interconnects thoracic and cervical spinous processes. most medial of the erector spinae

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3
Q

Where is the erector spinae Longissimus located

A

Inserts onto TVP and angles of ribs (capitis protion inserts onto mastoid process) Middle of erector spinae

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4
Q

Where is the erector spinae Iliocostalis located

A

From the iliac crest up to the ribs. Most lateral of erector spinae

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5
Q

Where is the semispinalis located

A

In the upper 1/2 of the vertebral column, they span 5-8 vertebrae from SP to TVP

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6
Q

Where is the multifidus located

A

They span 3-4 vertebrae from SP to TVP and is thickest over sacrum

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7
Q

Where are the rotatores located

A

They span 1-2 vertebrae SP to TVP throughout the spine

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8
Q

Where are the intertransverse and interspinous muscles located

A

They span TVP to TVP and SP to SP, respectively

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9
Q

Where is the splenius capitis located

A

Origin: Lower portion of nuchal ligament and SP C3-T3
Insertion: Superior nuchal line and mastoid processes

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10
Q

Where is the splenius cervicis located

A

Origin: SP T3-T6
Insertion: TVP C2-C4

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11
Q

What is the action of the Splenius

A

Acting bilaterally they extend the head and neck. unilaterally, they rotate and laterally bend head and neck.

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12
Q

What is the action of the erector spinae muscles

A

Bilaterally: stabilize and extend vertebral column
Unilaterally: ipsilaterally side-bend and rotate vertebral column

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13
Q

What is the action of the transversospinalis muscles

A

Bilaterally: extend vertebral column and maintain posture
unilaterally: side bending of the vertebral column

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14
Q

What is the action of the rotatores

A

They only help rotate vertebral segments because they are too short to do anything else

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the deep back muscles

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the inferior oblique

A

O: Spine of axis
I: TVP of Atlas
A: ipsilateral rotation of the head

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the superior oblique

A

O: TVP of atlas
I: Occiput
A: Extend head

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the rectus capitis posterior major

A

O: Spine of axis
I: Occiput
A: Extend and rotate head

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the rectus capitis posterior minor

A

O: Posterior tubercle of atlas
I: Occiput
A: Extend head

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the suboccipital muscles

A

Posterior ramus of C1 (a purely motor nerve)

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21
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the rectus capitis anterior and lateralis

A

O: Atlas TVP
I: occiput
A: flex and laterally flex head, stabilize atlanto occipital joint

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22
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the longus colli and capitis

A

O: Lower cervical bodies and TVP’s
I: Upper cervical bodies, TVP’s, and the occiput
A: flex head, neck

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23
Q

What is the innervation of anterior neck muscles

A

C1-4

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24
Q

What is a common pathology of the anterior neck muscles

A

They are often damaged in motor vehicle accidents

25
Q

What is the origin of the scalenes

A

TVP’s

26
Q

What is the insertion of the scalenes

A

Anterior and middle insert on the first rib, Lateral on the second rib

27
Q

What is the action of the scalenes

A

Laterally flex the neck, raise the ribs

28
Q

What is the innervation of the scalenes

A

Lower cervical nerves

29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the SCM

A

O: Manubrium, clavical
I: mastoid process

30
Q

What is the action of the SCM

A

Ipsilateral: flex head
Contralateral: Rotate head unilaterally and flex head bilaterally

31
Q

What is torticollis

A

Spasm of the SCM. It’s treated with physical medicine, and if all else fails, it is surgically severed

32
Q

What is the action of the external intercostals

A

aid in inspiration by lifting ribs

33
Q

What is the action of the internal intercostals

A

Fix ribs in place, help with precise contractions for singing or speaking

34
Q

What is the attachment of the intercostals

A

Both attach from the inferior border of a rib to the superior border of the rib below it

35
Q

What is the innervation of the intercostals

A

Ventral rami of Nerves T1-T12 leave the intervertebral foramina and travel along the costal grooves

36
Q

What happens if abdominal muscles are slow to engage

A

The lumbar muscles end up getting overworked, and this can cause chronic low back pain

37
Q

What supports the lumbar spine

A

The coordinate action of transversus abdominis and multifidus

38
Q

What are the attachments of the rectus abdominis

A

Superior: xiophoid process and cartilage of ribs 5-7
Inferior: pubic crest and pubic symphysis

39
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus and transversus abdominus, and the externa and internal obliques

A

Lower 6 intercostal nerves, the internal obliques are also innervated by ventral rami of L1

40
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis

A

Compresses abdominal content and flexes vertebral column

41
Q

What are the attachments of the external obliques

A

Superior: Ribs 5-12
Inferior: Anterior portion of iliac crest
anterior: abdominal aponeurosis and linea alba

42
Q

What is the action of the external obliques

A

compress abdominal wall, flex vertebral column. Unilaterally, they ipsilaterally flex and contralaterally rotate vertebral column

43
Q

What are the attachments of the internal obliques

A

Superior: Cartilage of lower 3 ribs
Inferior: Iliac crest and inguinal ligamnet
Anterior: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
posterior: thoracolumbar fascia

44
Q

What is the action of the internal obliques

A

Compress abdominal contents and flex vertebral column. Unilaterally, it ipsilaterally flexes and contra laterally rotates the vertebral column

45
Q

What are the attachments of the transverse abdominis

A

Superior: Cartilage of lower 6 ribs
Inferior: iliac crest and inguinal ligament
Anterior: Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Posterior: thoracolumbar fascia

46
Q

What is the action of the transverse abdomens

A

Compress abdominal contents

47
Q

What are the attachments of the quadratus lumborum

A

Superior: 12th rib and TVP L1-5
Inferior: iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

48
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum

A

T12 and L1-4 spinal nerves

49
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum

A

Unilaterally: Laterally flex lumbar spine and elevate hip
Bilaterally: extend vertebral column and fix 12th rib during respiration

50
Q

What are the attachments of the iliopsoas

A

Superior: TVP’s and vertebral bodies of L1-5 (psoas major) and iliac fossa (iliacus)
Inferior: lessor trochanter of femur

51
Q

What is the action of the iliopsoas

A

Flex the hips or lumbar spine

52
Q

What is the innervation of the iliopsoas

A

L1,2 and femoral nerve

53
Q

What nerves pass under and through the psoas

A

Tons. Femoral, genitofemoral, and lateral femoral cutaneous.

54
Q

What are the attachments of the thoracic diaphragm

A

Muscle fibers radiate from a central tendon to attach peripherally to the inner surface of lower 6 ribs, upper 3 lumbar vertebrae and the xiphoid process

55
Q

What is the action of the thoracic diaphragm

A

Contractions flatten to compress the abdominal contents and increase the volume of the thorax

56
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the diaphragm

A

Contractions increase the volume of thorax to decrease the pressure. This draws air into the lungs and assists with lymphatic venous return

57
Q

What are 4 of the pelvic floor muscles

A

Coccygeus, Levator ani which consists of pubococcgeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus

58
Q

What is the function of the pelvic floor muscles

A

Support pelvic viscera and provide sphincter-like action to the urethral, vaginal, and anal canals

Musculoskeletal Anatomy I (8 decks)

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