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Musculoskeletal Anatomy I > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What bones compose the shoulder joint?

A

Scapula, clavicle, and humorous

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2
Q

What are the 4 joints of the shoulder

A

glenohumeral, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and scapulothoracic

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3
Q

How many muscles are involved with the shoulder

A

14

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4
Q

What is the purpose of studying anatomy

A

1.physical exams 2. therapeutics (joint injections) 3. chart notes

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5
Q

What structures are present on day 34 of fetal development

A

eye, ear, arm bud, leg bud

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6
Q

What structures are present on day 28 of fetal development

A

heart, brachial arches

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7
Q

How long does a fertilized egg remain an embryo

A

9 weeks

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8
Q

What happens in week 3 of development

A

embryonic cells flatten into a trilaminar disc

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9
Q

What are the germ layers of the trilaminar disc

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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10
Q

What tissues are formed by the endoderm

A

Inner lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts, and glands such as the liver and pancreas

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11
Q

What tissues are formed by the mesoderm

A

Muscles, bones, circulatory system, dermis, and connective tissue

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12
Q

What tissues are formed by the ectoderm

A

Brain and nervous system, and the epidermis (skin, hair, nails etc)

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13
Q

What significant event happens in week 4 of development

A

The paraxial mesoderm thickens and divides into paired masses on both sides of the notochord. The masses are made of mesenchymal cells and are called somites

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14
Q

Why are somites clinically significant

A

Because they are ultimately the cause of the segmentation of the spinal chord

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15
Q

What are the three parts of a somite

A

Dermatome, myotome, sclerotome

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16
Q

What tissue does the dermatome form

A

the dermis

17
Q

What tissue does the myotome form

A

The muscles of the back, thorax, and limbs

18
Q

What tissue does the sclerotome form

A

The vertebrae and ribs

19
Q

What type(s) of germ layer are in limb buds

A

Mesoderm (lateral somite) and ectoderm (Apical ectodermal ridge)

20
Q

What happens to limb development if the apical ectodermal ridge is removed?

A

The limb ceases to grow.

21
Q

How do the cells in the developing limb know which is superior and which is inferior

A

The secretion of ZPA creates a concentration gradient

22
Q

What are dermatomes

A

Dermatomes are segments of the body that refer to different sections on the spine

23
Q

how are limbs innervated?

A

Spinal nerves migrate with the myotome cells as they migrate into the limb bud.

24
Q

By what week do the cartilage models of the arm bones form

A

by 6 weeks

25
Q

What significant event begins in week 9

A

enchondral ossification

26
Q

Which 2 shoulder bursae are clinically important

A

Subacromial and subdeltoid bursae

27
Q

What are the extracapular ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A

Transverse humeral lig. and coracoacromial lig.

28
Q

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?

A

It spans the bicipital groove thus holding the bicipital tendon in place

29
Q

What is the function of the coracoacromial ligament

A

It limits superior movement thus strengthening the roof of the shoulder

30
Q

What permits the great mobility of the shoulder joint

A

The shallow glenoid cavity and a lax capsule

31
Q

What gives the shoulder joint stability

A

The rotator cuff muscles

32
Q

What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint

A

interclavicular lig. and costoclavicular lig. and articular disc

33
Q

What is the function of the interclavicular ligament

A

limits shoulder depressions

34
Q

What is the function of the costoclavicular ligament

A

limits shoulder elevation

35
Q

What is the anatomical neck of the humerus

A

The narrow ring between the head and the tubercles

36
Q

What is the surgical neck of the humerus

A

Empirically designated region below the tubercles that is subject to fractures

Musculoskeletal Anatomy I (8 decks)

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